14 July 2015

Felix Andiana
Putra/2712100085
Hadi Widjaja/2712100097

Effect of Cathode and Anode

Distance Difference to Production
Mass on Tin Electrorefining Process

Overview
Introduction

Background
Purposes
Methodology

Result

and Discussion

Result
Discussion
Conclusion

suggestion

and

Introduction
Background

The

potential of tin production in Indonesia

The

use of electrorefining is still lacking

The

optimization of electrorefining process

Tin production percentage

Contd Introduction
The purposes of
experiment

To

determine the relationship between the cathode and

anode distance to the mass production of Sn on
electrorefining process at specified period

Compare

the experiment mass production with

theoritical calculation

Methodology
Independent

Variable

Cathode and anode distance

Dependent

variable

The mass production

Controlled

Variables

Electrolysis time
Voltage
Temperature
Electrolyte concentration

Contd Methodology
tools

Cell box
Rectifier
Connector
Cu Rods
Cu Plates
Multitester
Anode Mold
Digital scale
Ruler

Materials

Tin Anodes

Dimension: 14 x 15 cm

Tin Anodes

Dimension 12.5 x 14 cm

Electrolyte

Fluorosilicate acid

Sulfuric acid

Stannous sulfate

Contd Methodology
Step:

Cathode and anode preparation

XRF Test
Weighing the initial mass of each cathode and anode
Electrorefining cell installation

Voltage 0.2 volt

time 3 hours

distance 3 cm

Weighing the final mass of cathode and anode

ASS test (Composition)
Do the experiment for difference distance (4.5 and 6 cm)
Analyze the result

Data
Time

: 3 jam

Voltage
Pb

concentration

: 0.2 volt
: 300 ppm

Anode

: 2587.3 gram

Anode

II

: 2265.7 gram

Anode

III

: 1675.4 gram

Results

Experiment 1(3cm) experiment

(4.5cm)
Cathode

Initial
Final

Current
Efficiency

III

(6cm)

I Cathode

II Cathode

I Cathode

II Cathode

I Cathode

mass

mass

mass

mass

mass

mass

208 gram

199.7

180.3

174.3

197 gram

194 gram

228 gram

gram
220.4

gram
197 gram

gram
194 gram

208 gram

199.7

11 gram

gram
5.7 gram

Final-Initial 20 gram
average

II Experiment

gram
20.7 gram

16.7 gram

19.7 gram

20.35 gram

18.2 gram

8.35 gram

35%

31%

14%

II

Result
Electrorefining
25
20.35
20

18.2

15
Slime mass (gram)
10

8.35

0
2.5

3.5

4.5
Distance (Cm)

5.5

6.5

Analisa Data
Element composition of cathode (ppm)
Fe

Pb

Cu

Ni

As

Sb

Bi

Pb
Average

cathod 3

35

32

e1
cathod 3
e2

33.5

Discussion
The

cathode

and

anode

distance

will

affect

the

productivity of the added cathode mass. Because with the

increase of distance then the resistance will increase
(R~L)

Discussion
The closer distance of anode and cathode then the
resistance of the electrolyte will decrease and the
throwing power will increase so the tin is more compact
and the thickness of the tin layer is also thickened

Discussion
The

closer the distance between cathode and anode of

the electrorefining process then the required ionization

energy for the deposition towards the cathode is
increasing.

Discussion
The

closer the cathode and anode distance then the Tins

ions that settledon the cathodes surface will increase. It

is caused by the increase of the energy that affected by
the resistance. The resistance is increase with the
decrease of distance so the energy will increase and the
energy will accelerate the releasing of the electrons. The
energy will relatively higher than the required ionization
energy to move the electron

Conclusion
The

mass added to the cathode during experiment

I(3cm), II(4.5cm), and III(6cm) is 20.35gram, 18,2gram,
and 8.35gram with current efficiency 35% 31% and 14%

With

the increase of the distance between cathode and

anode then the resistance will also increase because
R~L, so it will reduce the current efficiency of the
electrorefining process because I ~ 1/R

Suggestion
The

electrolyte should be changed once per 12 hours

The

time variabels should be considered

Other

variables should be considered to optimize the

process efficiency( electricity current, voltage,
electrolyte concentration, temperature and the
thickness of cathode and anode)

Questions & Discussion