Welcome to Air

Ticketing and
Reservation Course

Duration : 02 Months
Days per Week : 05
Days Off : Saturday and Sunday

Introduction to Civil
Aviation
Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs)are

responsible for the oversight and regulation of

civil aviation with a focus on air safety,
security, airspace policy, economic regulation,
efficiency, sustainability, consumer protection
and respect for the environment.
A healthy, well-managed civil aviation sector is

vital to the economy of every state and good

aviation policy making and regulation support
this.
IATA (International Air Transport Association) is

recognized as the world leader in aviation data

and information to help you understand air
transport economics and set aviation
standards, manage safety, risk, and quality in
an integrated manner and put plans in place
for eventual incidents, accidents and

Days / Date / 24Hours Clock

M
1

T
2

W
3

F
4

S S
5

01JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN,

JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC

0100/0200/0300/0400/0500/0600/0700/0800/0900/1000/1100/1200

1300/1400/1500/1600/1700/1800/1900/2000/2100/2200/2300/0000

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Pakistan
International
Airlines
Country :
Pakistan
Code : PK

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Shaheen Air
International
Country :
Pakistan
Code : NL

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Air Blue
Country :
Pakistan
Code : PA

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Saudi Arabian
Airlines
Country :
Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia
Code : SV

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Qatar Airways
Country : Qatar
Code : QR

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Air India
Country : India
Code : AI

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Air China
Country : China
Code : CA

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Emirates
Airlines
Country : UAE
Code : EK

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Air Arabia
Country : UAE
Code : G9

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Etihad Airways
Country : UAE
Code : EY

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Gulf Air
Country :
Bahrain
Code : GF

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Thai Airways
Country :
Thailand
Code : TG

Famous Airlines and

Codes
British Airways
Country : United
Kingdom
Code : BA

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Air Canada
Country :
Canada
Code : AC

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Air France
Country : France
Code : AF

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Ariana Airlines
Country :
Afghanistan
Code : FG

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Japan Airlines
Country : Japan
Code : JL

Famous Airlines and

Codes
American Airlines
Country : USA
Code : AA

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Delta Airlines
Country : USA
Code : DL

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Continental Air
Country : USA
Code : CO

Famous Airlines and

Codes
United Airlines
Country : USA
Code : UA

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Virgin Atlantic
Country : USA
Code : VS

Famous Airlines and

Codes
Malaysia Airlines
Country : Malaysia
Code : MH

Famous Airlines and

Codes
KLM Royal Dutch
Country : Holland
Code : KL

Domestic and International Flights

Air travel can be separated into two general

classifications: National/Domestic and

International Flights.
Flights from one point to another within the

same country are called domestic flights.

Flights from a point in one country to a point
within a different country are known as
international flights.

One Way and Return

Tickets
One-way travel is when a fare purchased for

a seat on an aircraft, a train, a bus, or some

other mode of travel without a return trip. One
way tickets may be purchased for a variety of
reasons, such as if one is planning to
permanently relocate to the destination.
A ticket granting permission to travel to a

place and back again called a Return Ticket.

Major Visa Types

Visit Visa
Employment Visa
Study Visa
Family Joining Visa
Permanent Residence Visa / Permit
Immigrant Visa

Required Documents Summary

Visit Visa
Return Ticket / Visa Validity / Enough Funds / Passport Validity

Employment Visa
One Way Ticket / Protector / Medical / Police Clearance / Passport

Validity

Study Visa
One Way Ticket / Valid Visa / Starting Date of Classes / Passport

Validity

Family Joining Visa

One Way Ticket / Visa Starting + Ending Date / Passport Validity

Permanent Residence Visa / Permit

One Way Ticket / Visa + Permit Validity / Passport Validity

Immigrant Visa
One Way Ticket / Visa Starting + Ending Date / Passport Validity

Inbound and Outbound

Journey

Inbound Journey refers to incoming Travel

Outbound Journey refers to outgoing Travel.

Departure/Transit/Arrival
Departure : The phase of flight in which

an Aircraft goes from the ground to the air

Transit : A passenger at an airport who is

there to change flights and therefore does

not have to go through customs or
immigration.
Arrival : The time when someone or

something arrives
somewhere else.

at

place

from

Passports and Visas

Passports and Visas

Continents of the World

IATA Traffic Conference Area 1,2,3

IATA Traffic Conference

Area 1
North America
South America

IATA Traffic Conference

Area 1
North America
United States of America
Canada

IATA Traffic Conference Area 1

United States of America
Washington IAD
Houston IAH

New York JFK

Boston

BOS

Atlanta

ATL

Chicago

ORD

Dallas

DFW

Denver

DEN

Seattle

SEA

Tulsa

TUL

Newark

EWR

IATA Traffic Conference Area 1

Canada
Ottawa

YOW

Toronto

Montreal YMQ

Halifax

YTO
YHZ

Calgary

YYC

Edmonton YEG

Winnipeg

YWG

Vancouver YVR

Passports and Visas

IATA Traffic Conference Area 1

South America
Argentine Buenos Aires
Brazil
Sao Paulo
Chile
Santiago
Paraguay Asuncion
Uruguay Montevideo

BUE
SAO
SCL
ASU
MVD

Passport and Visa

IATA Traffic Conference Area 2

Europe/Middle East/Gulf and
Africa
Austria
Vienna VIE
Belgium
Brussels
BRU
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Sarajevo
SJJ
Bulgaria
Sofia
SOF
Croatia
Zagreb
ZAG
Czech Republic
Prague PRG
Cyprus
Nicosia ECN
Denmark
Copenhagen CPH
Finland
Helsinki HEL

IATA Traffic Conference Area 2

Europe/Middle East/Gulf and Africa
France Paris CDG
Nice NCE
Germany
Berlin TXL
Munich
MUC
Frankfurt FRA
Greece Athens
ATH
Hungary Budapest BUD
Ireland Dublin DUB
Italy Rome FCO
Milan MXP
Netherlands Amsterdam
Norway Oslo OSL
Poland Warsaw WAW

AMS

Passports and Visas

IATA Traffic Conference Area 2

Europe/Middle East/Gulf and
Portugal
LisbonAfrica
LIS
Romania
Russia
Spain

Bucharest OTP
Moscow
DME
Madrid
MAD
Barcelona BCN
Sweden
Stockholm ARN
Switzerland
Bern
ZDJ
Zurich
ZRH
Geneva
GVA
Tunis
Tunisia
TUN
Turkey
Ankara
ESB
Istanbul
IST
Ukraine
Kiev
IEV

Passport and Visa

IATA Traffic Conference Area 2

Europe/Middle East/Gulf and
Africa
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Oman
Qatar

Bahrain
BAH
Cairo
CAI
Tehran
IKA
Mashhad MHD
Tel Aviv
TLV
Baghdad BGW
Basra
BSR
Amman
AMM
Kuwait
KWI
Beirut
BEY
Muscat
MCT
Doha
DOH

Passport and Visa

Passport and Visa

IATA Traffic Conference Area 2

Europe/Middle East/Gulf and Africa
Saudi ArabiaRiyadh RUH
Jeddah JED
Dammam DMM
Medina

MED

Taif TIF
Syrian Arab Republic
Sudan

Khartoum KRT

UAE Abu Dhabi AUH

Dubai DXB
Rasal Khema RKT
Sharjah
Yemen

Damascus DAM

SHJ

Sana'a SAH

Passports and Visas

IATA Traffic Conference Area 2

Europe/Middle East/Gulf and Africa
AlgeriaAlgiers ALG
Tunisia Tunis TUN
Ethiopia Addis Ababa ADD
Kenya Nairobi NBO
TanzaniaDar-es-SalamDAR
Rwanda Kigali KGL
Uganda Entebbe EBB
Mozambique MaputoMPM
Zimbabwe Harare HRE
Botswana Gaborone GBE
Namibia Windhoek WDH
South Africa Cape Town CPT
Johannesburg JNB

Passport and Visa

Passport and Visa

IATA Traffic Conference Area 3

Asia and Australia
Pakistan IslamabadISB
Karachi KHI
Lahore LHE
Peshawar PEW
Multan MUX
Quetta UET
Afghanistan Kabul KBL
China Beijing BJS
Shanghai PVG
CantonCAN
Hong Kong HKG

IATA Traffic Conference Area 3

Asia and Australia
India

New Delhi DEL

Mumbai BOM
Chennai MAA
Bangalore BLR
Calcutta CCU
Bangladesh Dhaka

DAC

Nepal Katmandu KTM

Sri Lanka Colombo

CMB

Malaysia Kuala Lampur KUL

Singapore Singapore SIN
Thailand

BangkokBKK

Vietnam

Hochi min City

SGN

Passport and Visa

IATA Traffic Conference Area 3

Asia and Australia
Japan

Tokyo
Osaka

NRT
KIX

Fukuoka FUK
Philippines
Taiwan

Manila

Taipei

MNL

TPE

South Korea

Seoul

North Korea

Pyongyang FNJ

Maldives
Brunei
Cambodia

Male

ICN
MLE

Bandar Seri Begawan BWN

Phnom Penh

PNH

IATA Traffic Conference Area 3

Asia and Australia
Australia

Canberra

CBR

Sydney SYD
Melbourne MEL
Adelaide
Perth
New Zealand

ADL

PER
Wellington WLG

Auckland

AKL

Passenger Aircraft Cabins

Cockpit
(Staff Entry Only)

First Class Cabin

Business Class Cabin

Economy Class
Cabin

Passenger Aircraft Seat Map

Window Seat
Aisle Seat
Middle Seat
Emergency Exit Seat

Global Distribution System (GDS)

A computer reservations system or central reservation

system (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and

retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air
travel. Originally designed and operated by airlines, CRSes were
later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major CRS
operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are
known as global distribution systems (GDS).
Major Global Distribution Systems are as under.
Amadeus

1A
Abacus
1B
Worldspan 1P
Galileo 1G
Sabre 1S

Online and Interline

Sectors
Air Travel between Origin and Final

Destination through SAME Airline is called

Online Journey

Air travel in which the same ticket covers

different legs of the journey flown by different

airlines known as Interline/Offline Sector.

Online / Interline Sector Schedule

1. QR60916PEWDOH204100550007APR1412

APR143323:40

2.

QR609146PEWDOH041005500CONNECTDOH
332
QR1000146DOH DXB07000910
021APR1426APR143206:00
3.

QR6094PEWDOH041005500CONNECTDOH
333

Expectant Mothers
Uptoandincludingthe28thweek,Expectantmotherscantra
velwithoutamedicalcertificate.Itisrecommendedthatevenbef
ore
28weeks,
youshouldcarryadoctor'scertificate/maternitycardto
avoidpossiblediscussionatcheck-indesks.

Fromthebeginningofthe29thweekuptotheendofthe32
ndweek:
forsingle/complicatedfreepregnancy,youwillneedamedical

certificatefromaqualifieddoctor

Fromthebeginningofthe33rdweekuptotheendofthe35
thweek:
forsingle/complicationfreepregnancy,youwillrequiremedical

clearancefromAirlinesthroughmedifalongwithmedicalcertificat

Unaccompanied Minors
In airline policy an unaccompanied minor is an airline

passenger aged between 5 and 12 years old who

travels without an accompanying adult. A parent
or guardian who requests for this service fills out a
release form, identifying another guardian who will
pick up the minor at the destination airport. Airline
personnel are responsible for escorting the child
through immigrations and customs and boarding the
flight in time.
Will be transferred to the local ground staff. After

clearing immigrations and customs, the child is

released only to the adult identified on the paperwork.

Availability of Seats
1

QR 609
0600

J9 C9 D9 I9 U2 Y8 B7 /PEW DOH 2 0355

H7 K6 M5 L2 V1 S1 GL EL XL

QR 009
F8 P8 A8 Z2 J9 C9 D9 /DOH 2 LHR 4 0725
1205 13:10
I9 UL Y8 B7 H7 K6 M5 L2 V1 S1 GL EL XL

QR 002
0615+1

F6 P5 A3 ZL J9 C9 D9 /LHR 4 DOH 2 2130

I9 U3 Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 GL O9 E9 X9

Transit and Stopover

Transit : If the connecting time is less than

24 hours
Stopover : Occurs when a passenger arrives

at an intermediate point and is

scheduled to depart later than 24
hours after arrival (in local time).

Stopover for the purpose of connectivity

Term of STPC used for the passenger having long transit for more than

08Hrs and less than 24Hrs as a transit to get boarded to their onward
connecting flight. This stay should not be exceeded from 24Hrs else a
transit visa would be required for the passenger even not leaving transit
area of that airport.
STPC can be availed by prior booking from concerned airline on charges if

not included in basic fare. Most of airlines issue a STPC voucher for
passenger convenience as a pre-booking for hotel.
An agent should check fare notes before issuing an e-ticket that STPC will

be provided or not to inform their passengers well in time to avoid any

discrepancy at the airport.
QR609J9C9D9I9ULY9B9/PEWDOH20410

0550E0/332

H9K9MLGLELXL
QR888J9C9D9I9ULY9B9/DOH2PVG20105+11450+1E0/77W3
1:40

H9K9MLGLELXL

TIM (A Hard Copy Book)

TIM (Travel Information Manual) is the world's

leading source of Passport, Visa and Health

documentationregulations for passengers.

Airlines and Travel Agents use TIM to provide advice

on border requirements to passengers at the time of

booking, and airlines use it at the time of boarding
to ensure passengers have sufficient travel
documents for their destination and any transit
points. If your passengers do not have sufficient
travel documents the airline will not carry them!

Timatic (A Database)
Timatic is the database containing cross border

passenger documentation requirements. It is used

by airlines to determine whether a passenger can
be carried, as well as by airlines and travel agents
to provide this information to travelers at the time
of booking. This is critical for airlines due to fines
levied by immigration authorities every time a
passenger is carried who does not have the correct
travel documentation.

Cabins and Classes with Fare

Cabins and Classes

First Class : F
Business Class : (Sub Classes) J / A / C / D
Economy Class : (Sub Classes)
Y/B/L/M/Q/K/H/V/S/U/W/X/N
(RBDs are different in different Carriers)
* RBD : Reservation Booking Designator)

Availability wise display

1

QR 609
0600

J9 C9 D9 I9 U2 Y8 B7 /PEW DOH 2 0355

H7 K6 M5 L2 V1 S1 GL EL XL

QR 009
F8 P8 A8 Z2 J9 C9 D9 /DOH 2 LHR 4 0725
1205 13:10
I9 UL Y8 B7 H7 K6 M5 L2 V1 S1 GL EL XL

QR 002
0615+1

F6 P5 A3 ZL J9 C9 D9 /LHR 4 DOH 2 2130

I9 U3 Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 GL O9 E9 X9

Fare Types
Normal Fares:
Normal Fares are those fares which are published by the respective
Airlines through GDS (Global Distribution System). Usually these fares are
used for online sector ticketing.
Special Fares:
Special fares can be offered by the Airlines time by time due load factor.
Some time different carriers may introduce a discounted fare for a specific
routing and for a specific duration. Below are some major types of Special
Fares.
Advance Purchase Fare
These are most restrictive and discounted fares in which some time
tickets are not changeable or non refundable. This type of fare is always
restricted in the validity of sales and traveling. Most of time advance
purchase should be done within 72 Hours of Departure.
Group Fares
This type of fare is usually used for the groups traveling to specific
destination. Minimum number of passenger in a group should not less

Basic Fare, Fare Basis and Ticket

Validity
LNFAREBASIS
OWPKR
RT
BPENDATES/DAYSAPMINMAX R
JOWPK 204230
J+ --+--- R
CEEOWPK 173830
C+ --+--- R
JRTPK 314200 J+ --+-- 12MR
DEEOWPK152100
D+ --+--
R
CEE6MPK
267420 C+ --+--
6MR
DEE6MPK
234000 D+ --+
6MR
IPEE2MPK
210600 I +
A05APRB30APR+-
2MR
YLOWPK 100750
Y+
S21JAN14JUN+---
R
BLOWPK 80490B+
S21JAN14JUN+---
R
YLRTPK 155000 Y+
S21JAN14JUN+-- 12MR
HLOWPK 71800H+
S21JAN14JUN+---
R
KLOWPK 64560K+
S21JAN14JUN+---
R
BLRTPK 123820 B+
S21JAN14JUN+-- 12MR
MLOWPK57320M+
S21JAN14JUN+---
R
HLRTPK110450 H+
S21JAN14JUN+-- 12MR
KLRTPK
99310 K+
S21JAN14JUN+-- 12MR
LLEEOWPK
47180L+
S21JAN14JUN+---
R
VLEEOWPK
45360V+
S21JAN14JUN+---
R
MLRTPK
88170 M+
S21JAN14JUN+-- 12MR
SLEEOWPK
43550S+
S21JAN14JUN++-- R
LLEE6MPK 72580 L+
S21JAN14JUN+-- 6MR
VLEE6MPK 69780 V+
S21JAN14JUN+- 6MR
SLEE4MPK 67000 S+
S21JAN14JUN++ 4MR

No-show /Offload/Go-Show Passengers

No-show:
Passenger who neither cancels his or her reservation nor shows up for
the flight. The airline will cancel his or her all other reservations (such
as for connecting flights, if any) if not otherwise notified, and usually
will not refund any portion of the ticket price.
Offload :
Passenger who reaches airport well in time but due to improper
documents/Physical Conditions/Domestic Problems/Illness/Drunk or
Misbehave with the staff can not be boarded by the carriers.
Go-Show :
Passenger with a valid ticket but not on same flight or day and takes a
chance is subject to availability. Acceptance of the same passenger is
called Go-show.

Date Change fee and Penalties

CANCELLATIONS

BEFOREDEPARTURE
CHARGEPKR4000.

AFTERDEPARTURE
CHARGEPKR4000.

CHARGEPKR3000FORNO-SHOW.

CHANGES
ANYTIME
CHARGEPKR3000.
***GENERALRULEFOLLOWS***

NOTE-
NO-SHOW
APASSENGERFAILSTOCHANGE/CANCELHIS/HER
RESERVATIONPRIORTODEPARTUREWILLBECONSIDEREDASANO-SHOW.
--------------------------------------------------
INCASEOFNO-SHOWCHARGEREBOOKORREFUNDFEE
INADDITIONTONO-SHOWFEE
--------------------------------------------------
CHANGES-
FEESAPPLICATION-
THECHANGEFEEAPPLIESPERTRANSACTION
NAMECHANGENOTPERMITTED.

Denied Boarding (DNB)

Overbooking and Overselling is a common
practice of Airline Industry to assure maximum
sales and to utilize empty seats remains at the
end because of No-Show and Offloaded
Passengers. But some times overbooking
causes critical situation of denying passengers
to board just because of NO More Space in
the Aircraft.
This situation is called Denied Boarding and the
affected passengers are called Denied Boarded
Passengers.

Phonetic Alphabets
A

ALPHA

NOVEMBER

BRAVO

OSCAR

CHARLIE

PETER/PAPA

DELTA

QUEBEC

ECHO

ROMEO

FOXTROT

SIERRA

GOLF

TANGO

HOTEL

UNIFORM

ITEM/INDIA

VICTOR

JULIET

WHISKY

KILO

XRAY

LIMA

YANKY

MIC

ZULO

Method to Read PNR

-----6AHTBN
6 ALPHA HOTEL TANGO BRAVO
NOVEMBER

Passenger Name Record (PNR)

RP/PEWQR0101/PEWQR0101SN/GS8APR14/1010Z2
2UKZU
1.JANAN/KHIALMR
2QR609V10APR4PEWDOHHK104100550*1A/E*

3AP-0333-9999999/0332-999999
4TKOK03APR/PEWQR0101//ETQR
5SSRDOCSQRHK1P/PAK/A687043612PAK/01JAN48/M/26MAR23/JAN
AN/KHIAL

6RMIQAMAVLDTY13MAY2014/IA
7RMRETURNESS*
8FA 1572304321499/ETQR/PKR1500/03APR14/PEWQR0101/27801583/S2