Creating Citations using On-Line

Sources

Webpages

Internet Message Boards

Electronic Mailing Lists, Other Online
Communities

Note: The following Seminar information is adapted and individualized from information
taken from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th. Ed), pp.
214-215, published in 2009 by the American Psychological Association in Washington, D.C.
It is for the express use of this Seminar presentation and cannot be published, or re-

Webpages
Webpage Example:
format)

(Notice unusual date

Year, Month
Day

Smith, J. M. (2014, June 5). Web

Reference. Retrieved from
http://quickapa.edu
(Note: No period at end)

Title in Italics

Webpages

(Cont.)

No Author listed: Move title to first

position in reference.
A new cure for cancer? (2010, May 4).
Retrieved from
http://medicalsummaries.com
No Date

No author or date listed:

A new cure for cancer? (n. d.). Retrieved
from http://medical summaries.com
(Note: n. d. means no date)

Websites
Website with article title and source.

Article title in
Italicis

Smith, J. B. (2010, January 10). ADHD in

Adolescents. Journal of Psychological
Investigations. Retrieved from
http://psychology11.com

Message posted to
Newsgroup, online
forum, or discussion
group

Use Brackets, not

parentheses

Smith, R. L. (2010, August 3). Re:

Attachment Theory and Addiction [Online
forum comment]. Retrieved from
http://recoverymatters.com/newforum/We
bblog/your #comments

Message posted to an
electronic
mailing list
(Note: Sometimes called a listserv)

Dunleavy, J. R. (2012 February 3). Re:

Challenges to commonplace attitudes
about ADD [Electronic mailing list
message]. Retrieved from
http://psych.groups.yahoo.com/group/psyc
hNetwork/message/78
Message
#78

Electronic mailing list

message
(preferred to listserv)

Blog Post
Assumed screenname, real name
not used

AvatarX. (2011, December 3). Re:

Assumed On-line identities. [Web log
comment]. Retrieved from
http://psych1blogs.com/names/2011/12/ps
eudoidenties.php
Two references to
December

Nonroutine information
in titles1
Notation:
[Letter to the Editor] [Audio Podcast]
[Special Issue] [Data File]
[Monograph] [CD]
[Abstract] [Computer Software]
[Lecture Notes] [Supplemental Material]

1 American Psychological Association. (2010).

Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (6th. Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Abstract as original
source
Example:
Charles, J. & Woolf, R. (2004). Complex
statistical modeling of psychometric data.
Journal of Statistics and Mathematics, 35,
300-301. Abstract retrieved from
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/

Note: See p. 202, Publication Manual of the American Psychlogical

Association (6th. ed.) published in 2010 for further examples.

Webpages Part
2
How to cite website material in your
research paper that has no author, no year
given, and no page numbers?

In-text example:
(Operant Conditioning,, n. d., para. 2)
Paragraph #2
(No Page numbers)

Final References example:

Operant Conditioning. (n. d.). In MerriamWebster Dictionary (11th.ed). Retrieved
from http://m-w.com/dictionary/operant
conditioning

DOI

(Digital Object
Identifier)

4 Digit Prefix

Suffix

Example:
DOI: 10:1037/0278/0278/7393.34.3.349
DOIs are an alphanumeric string created by: CrossRef at
http://www.crossref.org which consists of a unique number
(as shown above which provides an electronic reference
that you can click on.
All DOIs begin with the number 10.
DOIs also contain: a prefix (at least 4 numbers) and a suffix
(many numbers) separated by a slash.
DOIs are usually on the first page of an electronic journal,
near the copyright notice.

Note: For DOI information summary, See pps. 188-192 in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th. ed.) published in 2009.

How to cite a DOI

Example: Journal Article with
DOI
Smith, J. (2010). Psychometrics in Health
Psychology. Professional and Volunteer
Health Journal, 12, 55-70.
doi: 10.
1005/2000-71274.34.1.300

Website
References
The below website will automatically
create APA web final references for no
cost.

www.citationmachine.ne
t