PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE

DRUG DELIVERY
Presented by

DEBASMITA DHAR.
M.PHARM ,1ST YEAR
BENGAL SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION.
TYPES OF PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE.
STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE.
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION.

INTRODUCTION

PROTEINSProteins are the large organic compounds made

of amino acids arranged in a liner chain and
joined tigether by peptide bonds.

PEPTIDESPepties are the short polymers formed from the

linking, in a defined order of amino acids.
PROTEINS are greater than 50 amino acids.
PEPTIDES are less than 50 amino acids.

TYPES OF PROTEIN AND

PEPTIDE
PROTEIN

C
1.Origomeric
protein.
D
2.Fibrous
X
protein.
3.Globular protein.

PEPTIDE

1.Polypeptide.
2.Oligopeptide.

STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN

There are four types-

1.Primary structure.
2.Secondary structure.
3.Tertiary structure.
4.Quaternary structure.

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEIN

Simple proteinThey are composed of only amino acid.

Conjugated proteinBesides the amino acids, these proteins

contain a non-protein moiety known as
prosynthetic group.

Derived proteinThese are the denatured product of simple

and conjugated protein

WHY PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE

DRUGS

The protein and peptide are very important

in biological cell.
Lack of proteins and peptides causes disease
like Diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is caused due to the lack of
protein called INSULIN.

ADVANTAGES OF PPDDS

Erythropoientin used for production of RBC.

Tissue plasminogen activator is used for
heart attack, stroke.
Oxytocin maintain labor pain.
Bradykinin increases the peripheral
circulation.
Insulin maintain blood sugar level.

ADVANTAGES OF PROTEIN AND

PEPTIDE DRUGS

Avoid first pass metabolism.

System absorption is extremely rapid.
The mode of delivery is convenient, i.e., eye
drops.
Drug delivery can be controlled precisely.
The formulation canbe designed to prolong
drug action and/ or reduce drug
concentrations to achieve consistent drug
action with least side effects.

DISADVANTAGES OF PROTEIN
AND PEPTIDE DRUGS

Large molecular size.

Ion permeability.
Immunogenicity.
Aggregation.
Denaturation.
Short plasma half life.

PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE DRUG

DELIVERY
DRUG DELIVERY

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Pulmonary,Parenteral,
Transdermal,Oral,
Implants,Ocular,Nasal,
Buccal,Rectal.

PARENTERAL ROUTE OF
ADMINISTRATION

Parenteral route is most efficient way for

systemic delivery of protein and peptides.

This

is the best choice to achieve therapeutic

activity.

Mainly

3 routes of administration.
INTRAVASCULAR.
INTRAMUSCULAR.
SUBCUTANEOUS.

INTRAVASCULAR ROUTE

Directly administer to the vein.

Ex-Insulin,Interferon.

ADVANTAGES Antibiotics can be administer.

DISADVANTAGES Causes pain.

INTRAMUSCULAR ROUTE

Gamma globulin given by this route are

proved to have long term protection from
hepatic infection.
Some drugs given by this route include long
acting insulin,GH.

DISADVANTAGES1.Not used for all proteins and peptides drugs

because of metabolism at the site of
injection.

SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTE

Controlled release is obtained.

These are prepared from crossed linked
polymers which are biocompatible and
biodegradable.
Ex-Polylactic acid.
Release of insulin was prolonged by this
route.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

OF PARENTERAL ROUTES
ADVANTAGES

1.Route of delivery for

95% of protein.
2.Allows rapid and
complete absorption.
3.Avoids first pass
metabolism.

CONT.

DISADVANTAGES

1.Problem with
overdosing.
2.Everyone heats
getting niddle.

NON PARENTARAL ROUTES OF

DRUG DELIVERY
Parenteral route is not properly achievable,
hence other routes are performed.
Oral route.
Rectal route.
Nasal route.
Pulmonary route.
Buccal route.
Transdermal route.
Ocular route.

ORAL ROUTE

Encapsulated peptides or proteins in amino

acids with microsphere of approximately 10
micron in diameter, used for oral delivery
system.

Example-Insulin and heparine.

Orally administered insulin produces
hypoglycemic effect.

PROTEIN FORMULATION

PEGylation.

Proteinylation.

Microsphere encapsulation

PEGYLATION

PEG is non-toxic, hydrophilic, FDA approved,

uncharged polymer.
Increase in vivo half life.
Decrease immunogenicity.
Increase stability.

PROTEINYLATION

Attachment of additional or secondary

proteins for in vivo protection.

Cross-linking with serum albumin.

Increase in vivo half life.

MICROSPHERE ENCAPSULATION

Microsphere have important appliction in

Drug Delevery system by using
Peptide/Protein Drug.By encapsulating
protein peptide drug in microspheres, the
serum drug concentration can be maintained
at a higher constant value for a prolonged
time.
But deactivation of protein during the
preparation, storage and release are still big
challenges.

CONCLUTION

Protein and peptide based pharmaceutical

are rapidly becoming a very important class
of therapeutic agents and are likely to
raplace many existing organic based
pharmaceuticals in the very near future.
Peptide and protein drugs will be produced
on large scale by biotechnology process and
will become commercially available for
therapeutic use.

THANK YOU