IntheBeginning

AzizAhmadRasul
azizrasul@hotmail.co.uk

Early Theories of the Universe

ALBERT EINSTEIN
(1879-1955)

German physicist.
The popular view among scientists
at the beginning of the last century
was that we had a steady state
universe.
nor

It was neither expanding

contracting

but

of

fixed

dimension.
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The Creation of the Universe

ALEXANDER A. FRIEDMANN
(1888-1925)

Russian physicist & mathematician.

In 1922, Friedmann proposed that
the universe could have begun from
an exploding particle many years
ago and that the universe was
expanding.

The Creation of the Universe

GEORGE HENRI LEMAITRE
(1894-1966)
Belgian cosmologist, mathematician and
a monsignor in the Catholic church.
In 1927, Lemaitre conceived the idea,
independently of Friedmann, that the
creation of the universe began from a
primordial particle which exploded and
thus the creation of the universe begins.
Publishes his theory in May 9, 1931.
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First Scientific Proof Expanding Universe

EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE
(1889-1953)
American astronomer and mathematician.
In 1929, Hubble established that there were
other galaxies apart from the Milky Way
galaxy by his work at the Mt. Wilson
Observatory in California.
He further established that the galaxies were
rapidly receding, hence showing that the
universe was indeed expanding.
Using the Hubble constant, it is estimated that
the universe is 13.8 billion years old.
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Second Scientific Proof Cosmic Radiation

In 1966 Dr. Penzias and Dr. Wilson
discover the residual background
radiation of the big bang, that
had

been

predicted

by

some

scientists (if the explosive event

had occurred) at a cooled down
temperature of 2.73 K. They win
the Nobel Prize.
This discovery silenced the steady
state theorists.

ROBERT W. WILSON
ARNO A. PENZIAS

Scientific Sequence of the Universe

1. A singularity explodes causing inflation i.e. a rapid expansion of the
universe at a speed faster than light. This is referred to as the Big Bang.
2. The temperature and energy levels are extremely high producing a
gaseous universe with no particles of matter.
3. The distinct forces we have today e.g. gravity, magnetic etc. were joined in
one unified force.
4. The gaseous universe cools sufficiently to allow the separation of different
forces and the first particles appear, which later form stars, planets and
galaxies of our universe.
5. One scenario of how the universe will end is where the universe will
collapse and eventually become a singularity, which will go on to explode
resulting in a new universe. This is referred to as the Big Crunch.

The Name of God

Eloha Hebrew
Alaha Aramaic
Allaah Arabic

The Attributes of God

Allaah! There is no God save Him. His are the most beautiful
names. Qur'an 20:80
He is Allaah the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner; His are the
most excellent names; whatever is in the heavens and the earth
declares His glory; and He is the Mighty, the Wise. Qur'an 59:2
He is the First and the Last, and the Outward and the Inward;
and He is Knower of all things. Qur'an 57:3
Were they created out of nothing? Or were they themselves the
creators? Qur'an 52:35
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The Attributes of God

Al Ahad (The One)
Al Khaliq (The Creator)
Al Mubdi' (The Originator)
Al Ghaffar (The Forgiver)
Al Razzaq (The Provider)
Al 'Adil (The Just)
An Nur (The Light)
As Sabr (The Patient)
Al Hamid (The Praiseworthy)
Al Wadud (The Loving)
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The Creator and Originator

101. To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the
earth.
102. That is God, your Lord! There is no god but He, the Creator
of all things. Then worship Him and He hath power to
dispose of all affairs.
Qur'an 6:101-2
117. The Originator of the heavens and the earth! When He
decrees a thing, He says unto it only: Be! and it is.
Qur'an 2:117
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The Creation of the Universe

"Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and
the earth were (once) one single entity (ratq), which
We then parted asunder (fataqa) and We got every
living thing out of water. Will they then not [begin
to] believe?"
Qur'an 21:30
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Expanding Universe

"The heaven, We have built it with power. Verily,

We are expanding it."
Qur'an 51:47 See also 55:37

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Early State of the Universe

Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was
smoke and said to it and to the earth, "Come [into
being], willingly or by compulsion." They said, "We
have come willingly."
Qur'an 41:11

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Definition of Time
Singular word for a period of time is yaum, Hebrew - ym.
Dual (two of) classification is yaumain.
The plural, consisting of three or more, is ayam.
The word yaum has more than one meaning in which one of
them is a day. But it also takes the meaning of a period of
time.

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Definition of Time
He rules (all) affairs from the heavens to the earth: in the end will
(all affairs) go up to Him, in a period of time (yaum), the space
whereof will be (as) a thousand years of your reckoning.
Qur'an 32:5 See also 22:47
"The angels and the Spirit ascend unto Him in a period of time
(yaum), whereof the measure is (as) fifty thousand years."
Qur'an 70:4
By the heaven containing pathways.
Quran 51:7
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Six Periods of Creation

It is Allaah who created the heavens and the earth and whatever
is between them in six days (ayam); then He established Himself
above the Throne. You have not besides Him any protector or any
intercessor; so will you not be reminded?
Qur'an 32:4
And verily We created the heavens and the earth, and all that is
between them, in six periods, and naught of weariness touched
Us.
Qur'an 50:38
See also 7:54, 10:3, 11:7, 14:5, 22:47, 25:59, 46:3 & 33.

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Six Periods of Creation

9. Say (O Muhammad, unto the idolaters): Disbelieve ye verily in Him Who
created the earth in two periods (yaumain), and ascribe ye unto Him rivals?
He (and none else) is the Lord of all Creation.
10. "He set in the (Earth) mountains standing firm. He blessed it. He
measured therein its sustenance in four periods (ayam - this includes the
above two periods of the solid Earth and two periods of the formless Earth as
a gaseous evolving entity), in due proportion, in accordance with the needs
of those who ask for sustenance.
11. Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it
and to the earth, "Come [into being], willingly or by compulsion." They
said, "We have come willingly."
12. "Then He ordained them seven heavens in two periods (yaumain), and he
assigned to each heaven its mandate by Revelation. And We adorned the
lower heaven with luminaries and provided it a guard. Such is the decree
of the All Mighty, the Full of Knowledge."
Quran 41:9-12 See also 2:29, 2:164, 13:3 and 16:15.
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Sequence of Creation
27. Are you a more difficult creation or is the heaven
that He built?
28. He raised its canopy and fashioned it with
perfection.
29. And He darkened its night and extracted its
brightness.
30. And after that He spread the earth.
31. Therefrom he drew out its water and its pasture.
Qur'an 79:27-31 See also 50:7, 67:3, 71:15 & 78:12

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Verse of the Throne

Allaah! There is no god but He, the Living, the Self-subsisting,
Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in the
heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence
except as He permitteth? He knoweth what (appeareth to His
creatures as) before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass
aught of His knowledge except as He willeth. His Throne doth extend
over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding
and preserving them for He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory).
Qur'an 2:255 See also 27:65, 41:53 and 57:4-5
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Measurements of Creation
Universe = 13.8 billion years (6 periods)
Solid Earth = 4.55 billion years (2 periods)
Solid Earth/Universe ratio = 2/6
_________________________________________________________________________________

Earth contains 71% water and 29% land

al-bahar (sea) 32 occurrences in the Quran (32/45 = 71%)
al-bar (land) 13 occurrences in the Quran (13/45 = 29%)

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The Constellations
And verily in the heaven we have set mansions of the
stars, and We have beautified it for beholders.
Qur'an 15:16
Blessed is He Who made constellations in the skies,
and placed therein a Lamp (siraj) and a Moon giving
light (nur).
Qur'an 25:61 See also 10:5, 25:61, 40:61 and 71:16.
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The Planets
God is He Who created seven Firmaments and of the
earth a similar number.
Qur'an 65:12
15. So verily I call to witness the Planets (khunnas)
that recede,
16. Go straight, or hide.
Qur'an 81:15-16
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The Sun and the Moon

He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He coils
(kawwara) the night upon the day and He coils (kawwara) the day
upon the night." He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His
law): Each one follows a course for a term appointed. Is not He the
Exalted in Power - He Who forgives again and again?
Qur'an 39:5 See also 55:5
"(God) is the One Who created the night, the day, the Sun and the
Moon. Each one is travelling in an orbit with its own motion."
Qur'an 21:33 See also 36:38-40 and 57:6
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The Earth
4. He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six
periods (ayam), and is moreover firmly established on the
Throne (of Authority). He knows what enters within the
earth and what comes forth out of it, what comes down
from heaven and what mounts up to it. And He is with you
wheresoever ye may be. And Allaah sees well all that ye do.
5. To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth:
and all affairs are referred back to Allaah.
Qur'an 57:4-5 See also 27:65 and 41:53
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Signs
Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the
alternation of night and day, there are indeed Signs for men of
understanding.
Qur'an 3:190 See also 45:3
We will show Our Signs to them in the horizons and within
themselves, until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. Is it
not sufficient that your Lord witnesses all things?
Qur'an 41:53

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The Earth
6. Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse,
7. And the mountains as pegs?
Qur'an 78:6-7 See also 50:7

14. And do We not send down from the clouds water in

abundance,
15. Thereby to produce grain and plant,
Qur'an 78:14-15 See also 87:4-5

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The Earth
Behold! In the creation of the heavens and the earth; in the
alternation of the Night and the Day; in the sailing of the ships
through the Ocean for the profit of mankind; in the rain which
Allaah sends down from the skies, and the life which He gives
therewith to an earth that is dead; in the beasts of all kinds that
He scatters through the earth; in the change of the winds, and the
clouds which they trail like their slaves between the sky and the
earth; - (here) indeed are Signs for a people that are wise.
Qur'an 2:164 See also 6:99
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The End of the Universe

We created not the heavens and the earth and all that is between them save
with truth, and for a term appointed. But those who disbelieve turn away
from that whereof they are warned.
Quran 46:3
Have they not considered how Allaah begins creation and then repeats it?
Indeed that, for Allaah, is easy.
Quran 29:19
The Day that We roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books
(completed), even as We produced the first creation, so shall We produce a
new one: a promise We have undertaken: truly shall We fulfil it.
Quran 21:104
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