Also known as striated or skeletal muscle this is

the most common type of muscle. They attach to

the skeleton. These are consciously controlled.

Also called smooth muscle. They are

not consciously controlled and are found
in the intestines and blood vessels

Not consciously controlled. Found

only in the heart, it never stops
working during your life
Trapizius Extend at the ankle
Deltoids Flex at the elbow Try to match
Biceps Adduct at the arm the muscle on
the left with its
Triceps Extend at the hip
function on the
Pectorals Extend at elbow right.
Abdominals Abduct at the shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi Flex at the knee
Gluteals Flex at the hip
Quadriceps Abduct at the shoulder
Hamstrings Extend at the knee
Gastrocnemius Rotate at the shoulder
Voluntary muscle is attached to bone by tendons.
The end of the muscle attached to the stationary bone is called
the

The end of the muscle attached to the moving bone is called the

e.g. the biceps: origin is at the shoulder and the insertion is at

the elbow.
Muscles can not push bones, they can only pull them. This means
that they need to work in pairs.
These pairs are called pairs.

The pulling muscle is called the

The muscle relaxing is the

There are 2 different types of fibre in muscles. Each type is better
suited to different activities. Every person has a natural combination
of both which can not be changed although you can make them more
efficient with the correct training.

These are for explosive

activities which require quick reactions. They contract fast and
produce a powerful action. They tire quickly and are white in colour.

These are better for endurance

activities. They can contract many times over long periods. They
don’t tire easily and are red in colour.
 is the muscles’ state of slight tension and
readiness to work. Muscle tone helps with posture.

relates to the way the body is supported by the

muscles when standing, sitting or moving. In some activities where
looking good is important to the result, good posture is vital. There are
several advantages to having good posture:
•When breathing there is more room for the lungs to expand
•The heart needs enough space to beat properly
•The digestive system works better with more space
•Bone alignment helps prevent strain and injury
•Good posture can help the shape of a person and make them feel good
about themselves
During this type of contraction the muscle stays the same length as
it works so no movement occurs.
Can you think of an
example for each
type of contraction?
During this type of contraction the muscle changes length as it
works…
If it gets shorter its called
If it gets longer its called
Strength can be defined as the maximum weight lifted or moved
in one try.
By repeating strength exercises we can increase the size of the
muscle
This is called
The strength of tendons, ligaments and bones will also increase.
If training stops then muscles lose their size.
This is called
Weight training using weight and reps
increases muscle strength
Endurance is the ability to keep working for a long period of time
without tiring.

Weight training using weight and reps

improves muscle endurance.