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ASON
OGR
AFI
Tujuan Umum
Mengetahui prinsip dasar alat USG
Tujuan Khusus
Gambaran USG dari kolesistitis akut,
Pendahuluan
Suara ultra adalah suatu bentuk
Characteristic of sound
wave
Slowly transmitted in air substance
Fastly transmitted in solid substance
air/gass
Basic Physic
Frequency : Number of cycle / sec
Velocity : transmission speed
V= Freq x Length of wave ()
Diagnostic : 1-10 MHz 2,5 10
MHz
Wavelength : 0,15 1,5 mm
Basic Principle of US
Based on Piezo electric Effect
Instrument consist of
Transmitter & receiver
Echo processor Cathode ray tube
Monitor
Tranducer/Probe
Probes
High frequency
7,5 10 MHz
Penetration is low
Resolution is good
Surface organ
Low frequency
(2,5 3,5 MHz)
Penetration is
higher
Resolution is
moderate
Deep organ
Keypad Control
Monitor
Gelombang ultrasonik
dalam kristal
piezoelektrik
Attenuation
The attenuation increase with the increasing
of frequency
TGC : controlling of attenuation
Echo of the liver : Is used as standard echo
isoechoic
Hypoechoic : cortex of the kidney
Hyper echoic : pancreas, bone
Anechoich / sono lucent / echo free : gall
bladder, urinary bladder, organ contains of
water
Coupling
Coupling : Intermediate substance
1. To eliminate the air between
transducer and skin
2.
To conform the irregularity of the
skin surface
Coupling
It has transmission velocity of US is
Artifact
Artifact : Is any echo signal whose
displayed position does not
correspond to the position of a
reflector in the body
Artifact
Type of artifact
1. Posterior acoustic shadow
2. Posterior enhancement
3. Reverberation
Clinical application
1.Fasting 6-8 hours
2.Fasting of smoking / talking
3. Drink large amount of water
US Advantages
1. Non invasive
2. Non traumatic
3. No special preparation
4. Easier and faster
5. High accuracy & high diagnostic
value
US disadvantages
Unable to examine air filled organ
Unable to examine bone / organ
behind it
Example of abnormalities
which can be examined by
US
1. Cyst
2. Abscess
3. Tumor
4. Stones
5. Hepatic cirrhosis
6. Ascites
7. Pleural effusion
Normal Pancreas
Kidney
Cholelhitiasis
PENGERTIAN
Patofisologi
Mekanisme penting dalam
asam empedu,
Penurunan sekresi garam-garam
empedu dan fosfolipid oleh hati.
Gambaran USG
Kantung empedu dapat terisi penuh
Gallbladder
Stone
Acoustic
shadowing
Acut Cholecystitis
Gambaran USG
Pembesaran kantung empedu
Nefrolithiasis
PENGERTIAN
Gambaran USG
Tunggal atau multiple.
Terlihat sebagai suatu massa
Staghorn calculus
NEPHROLITHIASIS ULTRASOUND
Stone
Stones
Stone
Acoustic shadow
Acoustic shadow
Vesikolithiasis
PENGERTIAN
Gambaran USG
Batu akan terlihat sebagai suatu
Acute hepatitis
Abscess
Posterior
enhancement
Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis