Foundation of Computing Systems

Lecture 2

Linked Lists

Array vs. Linked List

Array
elements are stored in a contagious memory
locations
static data structure

Linked list
adjacency between any two elements are
maintained by means of links or pointers
dynamic data structures
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Linked List
A linked list is an ordered collection of finite,
homogeneous data elements called nodes where
the linear order is maintained by means of links or
pointers
LINK
DA TA

Link to the next node

Single linked list, circular linked list, and double

linked list
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Linked List Representation: Static

H EAD ER

H eader
59

38

64

N 1

N 2

N 3
80
N 6

14

72

N 4

N5

D ATA

L IN K

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

38
14
59
80
72

50

45

50
.
.
.

64
.
.
.

43
.
.
.

M e m o ry
L o c a tio n

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41

A rra y o f
p o in te r s

Linked List Representation: Dynamic

A V A IL

N E W

X Y
H E A D E R

X Y

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Linked List Representation: Dynamic

A V A IL

HEADER

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Operations on Single Linked List

Traversing a list
Searching for an element in a list

Insertion of a node into a list

Deletion of a node from a list
Copy a linked list to make a duplicate
Merging two linked lists into a larger list
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Single Linked List: Insertion

Insertion steps
Get a new node from memory bank
Start from the header node
Manage links to
Insert at front
Insert at end
Insert at any position

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Single Linked List: Insert at Front

new

F ro m
m e m o ry
bank

H EAD ER
2
X

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X
1

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Single Linked List: Insert at End

new

H EAD ER

X
1
p tr

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Single Linked List: Insert at Any Place

new

H EAD ER
X
p tr

KEY

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Single Linked List: Deletion

Deletion steps
Start from the header node
Manage links to
Delete at front
Delete at end
Delete at any position

Return the deleted node to memory bank

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Single Linked List: Delete at Front

H EAD ER

p tr1

p tr

KEY

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Single Linked List: Delete at End

HEADER
R e tu rn to th e m e m o ry b a n k

p tr1

p tr

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Single Linked List: Delete at Any Place

H EAD ER

p tr1

p tr
1
X

KEY

R e tu rn to th e m e m o ry b a n k

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Single Linked List: Copy

H EAD ER 1

L1

. . .
H EAD ER 2

T o m e m o ry b a n k

L2
X

. . .

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Circular Linked List

HEADER

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Merging Two Circular Linked Lists

. . .

HEADER1
1

p tr1

p tr2

p tr2
2
HEADER2

. . .

R e tu rn to m e m o ry

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Double Linked List

L L IN K

R L IN K
D ATA

. . .

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Double Linked List: Insertion

NEW

HEADER

p tr

. . .
a ) I n s e r t io n a t t h e f r o n t
p tr

HEADER

. . .

b ) In s e r tio n a t th e e n d
NEW

p tr

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IT 60101: Lecture #2

c ) I n s e r t io n a t a n y in t e r m e d ia t e p o s it io n

20

Double Linked List: Deletion

HEAD ER

p tr

p tr1

. . .

R e tu rn to th e m e m o ry b a n k
a ) D e le t io n a t t h e f r o n t

HEADER

p tr

p tr1

. . .

b ) D e le t io n a t t h e e n d

HEAD ER

p tr

p tr1

p tr2

KEY

R e tu rn to th e m e m o ry b a n k

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e l e t i o n a t aLecture
n i n t e r m e d i #2
a t e p o s it io n

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Applications of Linked Lists

Sparse matrix manipulation
Polynomial manipulation
Memory management

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Application of Linked List: Sparse Matrix

R O W L IN K

DATA

C O L L IN K

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Application of Linked List: Sparse Matrix

C o lu m n
1

R ow

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Application of Linked List: Sparse Matrix

HEADER

RH1

RH2

RH3

R H4

RH5

RH6

CH1
1

C H2
2

CH3

CH4

CH5

3
A

5
M

1
P

3
L

1
K

P o in ts t o H E A D E R

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O

6
C

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B

25

Application of Linked List: Polynomial

P(x) = anxen + an1xen1 + + a1xe1

COEFF EXPO

-7

14

LINK

10

-5

P(x) = 3x8 7x6 + 14x3 + 10x 5

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Application of Linked List: Polynomial

For polynomial manipulation
See the book

Classic Data Structures

Chapter 3
PHI, 2nd Edn., 17th Reprint

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Application of Linked List: Memory

For memory management
See the book

Classic Data Structures

Chapter 3
PHI, 2nd Edn., 17th Reprint

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