A presentation on

Heat Exchanger
Mountings

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 Heat Exchanger
A device in which two fluids
streams, one hot and another
cold, are brought into direct or
indirect contact in order to
transfer of heat from hot fluid
stream to cold stream.
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 Mountings
 Something on which an object is mounted
for support in other words to put or fix in
place or on a support.
 HeatExchanger Mountings :–
For safety, maintenance and to make
the heat exchanger more efficient some
special types of apparatus are used.
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 List of H. E.
mountings
 Baffles
 Tierods
 Spacers
 Bonnet
 Channel
 Safety valve
 Junction or Stop valve
 Extended surfaces
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 BAFFLES
 A metal plate usually in the form of
segment of a circle having holes for
tubes.
 Distance between baffles
(center to center) is called
Baffle Spacing.
 Larger baffle spacing
reduces turbulance & heat transfer
coefficient. 5
 Smaller baffle spacing increase both
turbulence and heat transfer coefficient.
 The minimum baffle spacing should be not
less than one-fifth of shell diameter or less
than 2inches.
 Maximum baffle spacing should not be
more than inside diameter of shell.
Material of construction :-
Naval brass, Monel, stainless 410,
Stainless 304.
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 Function of baffles
1. Hold tubes in position & preventing
sagging.
2. Prevent the effects of vibration.
3. Directs shell-side fluid flow.
4. Increase turbulence & heat transfer
coefficient.

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 Types of baffles
Baffles are of mainly four types :-
1. Segmental baffles :-
 Most popular type.
 Have horizontal or vertical
cuts that provide area for
flow of shell fluid.
 This area varies from
15% to 45%.
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 Net flow Cross-sectional area of
area area of tubes cut-out
passing through portion
the cut-out
 Types – Single, Double, Triple segmental
baffle.

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Uses of segmental
baffles :-
Horizontal cut baffles are not
satisfactory for dirty fluids that’s
why Vertical cut baffles are used for
dirty fluids.

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2. Impingement baffles
These baffles are used to prevent
impact of high velocity inlet fluid
stream on the tube bundle.

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 Impingement baffles or plates may be
fitted in the shell just in the front of
nozzle. It is held in position by 2 or 3
narrow lugs or rods welded to the shell.
 Uses of impingement
baffles :-
1. Prevents impact of high velocity of 35m/s
or more that can cause erosion and
cavitation of tubes in front of nozzle.
2. Also prevents vibration of the tubes.
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3. Rod or Bar baffles

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 These are metal rods. Used to support the
tubes.
 Diameter of rods is equal to the clearance
between tube rows. Normal dia. is 1/4th
inch.
 These are attached to ring supports and
placed between alternate tubes in both
horizontal and vertical directions.
 Rods reduces the vibrations and provides
maximum shell-side heat-transfer
coefficient.

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4. Helical
baffles

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 An increasingly popular variant to the
segmental baffle is the helical baffle.
 These are quadrant-shaped plate baffles
installed at an angle to the axial bundle
centerline to produce a pseudospiraling
flow down the length of the tube bundle.
 This baffle has the advantage of
producing shell-side heat-transfer for the
same size of shell.

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 These are a type of segmental baffle.
Uses of helical baffle :-
 The twisted tubes give improved heat
transfer coefficient inside and outside
because of greater turbulence, and the
decrease in required surface area.
 This design eliminates tube vibration and
may also reduce the rate of fouling.

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 TIE RODS

 These are metal

rods having
threaded ends.
 These rods are used
to hold the baffles in
position firmly.

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 Usually 4 to 6 tie rods of diameter
between 3.17mm – 2.11mm are fitted to
the fixed tube sheet.
 One end of tie rod is screwed to a tube
sheet and then baffles followed by
spacers are inserted.
 After the last baffle is inserted, locknuts
are tightened at the free threaded end.

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 SPACERS
 These are section
of a tube or pipe.
 Their inside
diameter is slightly
greater than the
diameter of tie rod.

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 These tubes are slid over the tie rods after
every baffle is inserted on it.
 These are called spacers because they
maintain the spacing or successive
distance between baffles.
 Spacers fixes all the baffles firmly and
prevents their movement.

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 BONNET
 Bonnet is used as a
closure or head for
the tube sheets in
which tube-side fluid
flows.
 Bonnet type closure
has an integral cover.
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 Bonnet closure consists of a cylindrical
section with bonnet welded at one end
and flange welded at other end.
 Bonnet type closure is used when it
does not require to be fitted with any
nozzle.
 It is necessary to remove the gasketed
joints of the bonnet closure to examine
the tube ends.

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 CHANNEL
 Channel is also a
type of closure for
the tube sheets in
which tube-side
fluid flows.
 A channel has a
removable cover.
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 Channel type closure is used where
nozzles are to be fitted.
 A channel closure is made from a piece of
cylindrical barrel with flanges welded to
both ends.
 One flange is bolted to the tube sheet
using gasket.
 Another flange is bolted to a flat channel
cover plate.
 It provides access to the tubes only after
unbolting the channel cover plate.
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 Safety valve
All valves have a common primary
purpose: to slow down and stop the flow of
the fluid. It is an opening device or
mechanism to control the flow of fluid
inside the pipeline.
 Safety valve is used to maintain the
working pressure in the apparatus.
 To prevent the explosion due to high
pressure.
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 It mounted on the top of the heat
exchanger to escape the steam if the
pressure of the steam exceeds a certain
specified limits.
 It is known as pressure safety valve (PSV)
or pressure relief valve (PRV).

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 MATERIAL USED :-
 CAST IRON
 GUN METAL
 MILD STEEL ETC.

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USES OF SAFETY VALVES
 Inthe petroleum refining, petrochemical
and chemical manufacturing,
natural gas processing and
power generation industries, the term
safety valve is associated with the terms
pressure relief valve (PRV), pressure
safety valve (PSV) and relief valve.
 Pressure cookers also have safety valve.

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 Safety valves also evolved to protect
equipment such as pressure vessels (fired
or not) and heat exchangers. The term
safety valve should be limited to
compressible fluid application (gas, vapor,
steam).

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