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of Soils
Duration: 17 min: 04 sec
N. Sivakugan
Shear failure
Soils generally fail in shear
embankment
strip footing
failure surface
mobilised shear
resistance
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Shear failure
failure
surface
The soil
grains slide
over each other along
the failure surface.
No crushing of
individual grains.
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Shear failure
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f c tan
re
failu
cohesio
n
e
p
o
l
e
env
friction
angle
f c f tan
f tan
c
f
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frictional
compone
nt
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X
Y
Soil elements at
different locations
X ~ failure
Y ~ stable
c
Y
c
c
Initially, Mohr circle is a point
c+
GL
c
Y
c
c
.. and finally failure occurs
when Mohr circle touches the
envelope
Y
GL
45 + /2
45 + /2
c
Y
90+
c+
v
h
u
h
effective stresses
v h
total stresses
f
c
c
Initially
At failure,
3 = c; 1 = c+ f
3 = 3 u f ; 1 = 1 - u f
uf
Failure
c,
in terms of
c,
in terms of
failure plane
O-ring
impervious
membrane
soil sample at
failure
porous
stone
perspex cell
water
cell pressure
pore pressure or
back pressure
pedestal
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volume change
14
Under all-around
cell pressure c
Consolidated
sample
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no
Unconsolidated
sample
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Shearing (loading)
no
Drained
Undrained
loading
loading
15
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16
For unconsolidated
undrained test, in
terms of total
stresses, u = 0
Granular soils have
no cohesion.
c = 0 & c= 0
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gives c and
Use c and for analysing fully drained
situations (e.g., long term stability,
very slow loading)
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18
gives c and
faster than CD (preferred way to find c
and )
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19
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20
1- 3 Relation at Failure
1
3
X
X
1 3 tan ( 45 / 2) 2c tan( 45 / 2)
2
3 1 tan ( 45 / 2) 2c tan( 45 / 2)
2
Stress Point
v
h
stress point
stress point
(v-h)/2
h
(v+h)/2
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v h
s
2
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v h
t
2
22
Stress Path
During loading
Stress path
is the locus
of stress
points
Stress path
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23
Failure Envelopes
failur
e
tan-1 (sin )
c cos
stress path
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24
u B 3 A( 1 3 )
3
u = ?
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