Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2
Module 4:
Wireless Topologies
Overview
Components
Increasing Mobility
A result of user mobility is an increase in
productivity.
Meetings and conferences are less challenging
Access to resources is more available
Printing, email, file shares and the Internet
Handheld Devices
There are three types of drivers available for wireless client adapters.
1.NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) 2. ODI Open Data-link Interface)
3.Packet
AP
Antennas
Cisco Aironet AP 2.4 GHz antennas are compatible with all Cisco RP-TNC (Reverse Polarity TNC
(threaded Neill-Concelman)) equipped APs.
The antennas are available with different gain and range capabilities, beam widths, and form
factors.
Coupling the right antenna with the right AP allows for more efficient coverage, as well as better
reliability at higher data rates.
Chapter 7 covers more about antennas
(Cisco Aironet Antennas and Accessories Reference Guide)
Bridge
Antennas
Cisco Aironet bridge 2.4 GHz antennas provide transmission between two or
more buildings.
Antennas operate at Layer 1 of the OSI Model.
These antennas are available in directional configurations for pointto-point transmission and omnidirectional configuration for point-to
multi-point implementations.
WLAN Topologies
Many of these features depend
upon the vendor and whether the
AP is a consumer wireless
product or business/enterprise
wireless product.
Wireless Topologies
Wireless
repeater
Configuration Guide
Click Here
Root (Parent)
50%
overlap
Repeater
To set up repeaters, you must enable Aironet extensions on both the parent (root) access point and
the repeater access points.
With the Cisco DS systems, the units are set to different channels.
Redundancy: If one unit goes down, remote clients will hand off to the
remaining unit and continue working.
Load balancing: This can be configured based on the number of users, the
bit error rate, or signal strength.
Distributes user connections across available access points
Optimizes aggregate throughput
Hot Standby
Hot Standby mode designates an access point as a backup
for another access point.
The standby access point is placed near the access point it
monitors, configured exactly the same as the monitored
access point (except for the IP address)
The standby access point associates with the monitored
access point as a client and sends IAPP queries to the
monitored access point through both the Ethernet and the
radio ports.
IAPP = Inter-Access Point Protocol
Roaming
Not yet covered under
802.11.
Roaming
Initial Association:
Probing (Probe Request, Probe Response)
Note: 802.11 does not specify how the client determines which AP to
associate with , so it depends on vendor implementation.
Authentication (Authentication Request, Authentication Response)
Association (Association Request, Association Response)
802.11 does not allow associating with more than one AP.
Roaming
Roaming
IAPP: Please
send buffered
frames for
IAPP: Ok!
* Packet - Source
MAC of client
Roaming
Scalability
APs are on different
channels
802.11b
Scalability is the ability to locate more than one access point in the same area.
This will increase the available bandwidth of that area for all users local to that access
point.
The current Cisco Aironet products are frequency agile.
This means that they can look for and use the best channel.
Least congested channel
Scalability
APs are on
different channels
Channel Setup
Channel Setup
The Cisco Aironet 2.4 GHz radio delivers 100 mW of output and offers a
high degree of receiver sensitivity.
The 5 GHz client radio has a 20 mW transmit power and the 5 GHz
access point has a 40 mW transmit power.
It is possible to adjust the power level down, to create smaller coverage
cells.
This would be done, for example, to prevent the coverage area of one AP
from extending too far into the coverage area of another AP.
Multirate implementation
Bridge Topologies
More on Bridges Later
Root modes
Cisco Aironet access points and bridges have two different root modes,
in which to operate the following:
Root = ON
The bridge or AP is a root.
If it is a bridge, then it is called the master bridge.
Root = OFF
The bridge or AP is not a root, non-root.
Root modes
Point-to-point configuration
VLAN 10
VLAN 10
Point-to-point configuration
Point-to-multipoint configuration
Root
Non-root
Non-root
Sample Topologies
Basic Topologies
Peer-to-Peer (Ad Hoc)
Topology (IBSS)
Basic Infrastructure
Topology (BSS)
Extended
Infrastructure
Topology (ESS)
Campus topologies
One of the biggest benefits of a campus WLAN is the ability for people to
sit in common areas and work together, and still easily get network access.
VLAN Features
The Cisco Aironet APs only support the 802.1Q Trunking protocol
standard.
Switches will not allow different VLANs to talk to one another.
A router will be needed to allow different VLANs to communicate to
each other.
The Cisco Aironet APs can be configured with 16 different VLANs
for system design flexibility.
WLANs can now fit nicely into the larger network because VLANs have
been enabled on the APs.
This allows WLAN users to roam from access point to access point
maintaining connectivity to the proper VLAN.
Time critical data traffic such as voice and video benefit from
Quality of Service (QoS), which can be configured to give voice and
video higher priority.
This allows for smooth voice communication, jitter free video, and
reliable delivery of E-Mail configured with a lower priority.
Class of Service (CoS) uses the 802.1P standard to set the priority
field to network traffic.
Proxy
Mobile IP
Summary
This module discussed wireless topologies. First, the
components of WLANs were described, such as mobile
devices and client adapters, access points and bridges,
and antennas. A WLAN was defined as an extension to a
wired network environment.
The two major topologies covered were WLANs and
wireless bridges. Some variations, which include the
wireless repeater and the workgroup bridge, were also
discussed. Additional features such as fault tolerance,
load balancing, and roaming were also mentioned.
Channel setup was also discussed along with the
importance of planning channel usage, with as little
overlap as possible between channels that use the same
frequency.
Finally, some examples of different topologies were
covered, concluding with an overview of Cisco AVVID.