CHAPTER 4:

REPRODUCTION
4.2 & 4.3:
THE MALE AND FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

4.4 : THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

(KITAR HAID)
What is menstruation?
Is the bleeding or blood discharge through the cervix
and vagina of the female.
Contains;
- blood , dead ovum and a layer of tissue which covered
the surface of the uterus wall.
Begins when a female reaches puberty.
The duration is about 28 days.
During the menstrual cycle, an ovum develops and is
released.
The process of releasing ovum from the ovary is called
ovulation.

The fertile phase ( fasa subur)

The fertile phase is a period when ovulation is most
likely to happen.

Between the 11th and 17th day, fertilisation can occur. This
period is called the fertile phase.
An ovum in a female can live for 24 to 36 hours only.
Because the ovum will be released in the middle of the
menstrual cycle, about the 14th day, this mean the fertilisation
can occur between the 11th and 17th day to produced a
zygote if sperm enters the fallopian tube.

The development of the zygote to embryo and foetus