TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

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TESTING &
DRILLING
INTRODUCTION

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Client
questions:

What is the size of my

reservoir?

What fluids are going to

be produce?
Aim of Well
Testing:

Identification of produced
fluids.
Determination of reservoir
deliverability.
Data used to predict
reservoir size
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How much will it produce?

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Well testing is the only technique that examines a

significant portion of the reservoir under dynamic
conditions.
Accurate, long-term projections about a reservoir
cannot be made based on wireline and others static
techniques..
Tests on oil or gas wells are performed at various
stages of drilling (after open hole logging),
Drilling Operations
slide
3
completion and production,
and
for
different

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Well Testing
determines
Production capabilities
Well Testing
determines Reservoir properties

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Data acquired when a reservoir is
tested:

Pressure and Temperature , surface &

bottom hole
PVT samples of representative
reservoir fluids , surface and bottom
hole

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Flow rates ; oil, gas, water & solids

Fixed rigs
Jack up

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Land rig

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Floating
rigs

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Semi-Submersible

Drillship

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TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Water Depth vs. Rig

Types

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TESTING & Drilling

3 categories of Introduction
well:

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Vertical
Deviated
Horizontal
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TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
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Land
Rig

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
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TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Rig Hoisting System
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TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Rig Floor
draw works
dog house

mouse hole
rat hole
Drillers console
V-door ramp

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drive

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
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Rotary
System

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TESTING & Drilling

In the Rotary Introduction
Table

Bushing
s

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Slips

Rotating
System

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Kelly & Rotary Table drill 1 joint

at a time.

Downhole motor does not

require string rotation.

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Power swivel drills in stands (3 x

30/2 x 45)

TESTING & Drilling

BOP stack
Introduction
Location
All Fixed Rigs

All Floating Rigs

Just Bellow Rig Floor

Sea bed

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Ground level

Sea level

BOP stack

TESTING & Drilling

Why do we need
a BOP stack ?
Introduction
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TESTING & Drilling

Blow Out
Introduction
Preventers
Main Components

Pipe Rams
Shear Rams
Blind Rams
Annular Preventers

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Wellhead Connector

BOP stack

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
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(drilling)

(drilling)

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TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
BOP stack / Pipe
Rams

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Fit a specific pipe

size
Need pipe to make
a seal

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TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
BOP stack / Shear Rams
Both shears drill pipe and seals
the hole

Emergency equipment

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Capacity to cut through 6-5/8

drill pipe

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
BOP stack
HYDRILL : Annular
Preventer
in the wellbore

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Close/seal on any object

Tubul
ars

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
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TESTING & Drilling

Rig CirculatingIntroduction
System
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TESTING & Drilling

Drilling Fluids
Introduction

The drilling fluid is an essential part of the drilling and

well control system.
Mud is used to:
- Cool the bit
- Remove cuttings
- Lubricate the bit
- Provides a pressure to overcome that of the
formation
- Makes a mud cake to seal permeable formation
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- Operate down hole motor / turbine

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It can be either water or oil based

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Mud weights

It should be not too heavy or it will crack the

formation, resulting in lost circulation

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The mud density is kept at a level to overcome

expected reservoir pressures and keep the well at a
positive overpressure.

Casin
g

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Casing sizes are always

given as Outside
Diameter
The Inner Diameter
depends on the weight

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Casings start large and

gradually become
smaller

Casin
g

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
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Liner 5-1/2

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TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

The most essential use of cementing is to seal

one zone from another.
If the cement is found poor, a squeeze has to be
made to repair the deficit.

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Cement
ing
Cementing is used to fix the casing in place and
provide mechanical strength to the system.

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Logging

A sensor is lowered into the well on the end of an

electrical cable. This provides power and transmits
the data to the surface where it is presented in the
form of a graph against depth.
- resistivity (high) logs show where the
hydrocarbon may be
- porosity logs show porous zones
- sonic and density logs give information
about the rock types Drilling Operations slide 30

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Logging is a process of obtaining informations

about the formation after the well has been drilled.

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Testing and
Logging
Few logs are useful in Testing operations:

Cement bond logs shows how good the cement

is
Corrosion logs shows possible problems inside
& outside casing
Production logs shows flow in the well
CCL shows the casing collars
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Gamma ray shows shale & clean zones, gives

net & gross pay

TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
SEISMIC
LOGGING
DST / TESTING
PRODUCTION / TESTING

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DRILLING / GEOLOGY

TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
Surface Seismic consists of making a noise and
listening for the returning reflected signals
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TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
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A surface seismic with the

interpreted model above
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TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
In addition to seismic there are:
Geology

-The geochemistry tries to identify the source

rock and also the possible migration path to
the reservoir rock

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-The geologist goes to identify potential cap and

reservoir rocks
Geochemistry

TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
Drilling

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The objective of a well is to reach a reservoir zone

safely and efficiently and then produce the fluids

TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
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Drilled
Workover

Cased
Recompleted

Perforated
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Produced

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
To look at the special
animations:

Wellinst (drilling a well)

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rotate.avi (rotary table)

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

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The
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