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Today isA
(XD,XD)
(XW,X
XW
W)
XF
XD
Other Cases
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Enriching Section
Stripping Section
Complex Feed or Multiple feeds
Open Steam
Top Side Product
Bottom Side Product
1- Enriching Section
Used in case when its
needed to recover light
component
from
feed
containing little amount of it.
Feed composition is near that
of the bottom product (xF is
very small)
Feed is usually saturated
vapour
No reboiler is used.
1- Enriching Section
Steps:
Feed
is
saturated
vapour
No. of stages in bottom
section =0
Get point of intersection
of bottom section and
q-line directly
Draw the top section
operating line.
(XD,XD)
XW
XF
XD
2- Stripping Section
Used in case when its
needed to recover heavy
component
from
feed
containing little amount of it.
Feed composition is near that
of the top product (xF is very
big)
Feed is usually saturated
liquid
No reflux is needed.
2- Stripping Section
Steps:
Feed is saturated liqiud
No. of stages in top
section =0
Get point of
intersection of top
section and
q-line directly
Draw the bottom
section operating line.
XW
XF
XD
3- Multiple Feeds
Generally F1 is saturated liquid,
and F2 is saturated vapour.
The column can now be divided
into THREE section: Enriching,
Stripping and Middle section.
Both operating lines of the top
and bottom sections will not be
changed.
Only we will need to get the
middle section line.
3- Multiple Feeds
Since we assumed constant molar
flow rates in the column, we can
say that:
L=L+F1
V=V
And
L=L
V=V+F2
To draw the middle section
operating line we have to calculate
its slope from the above relations
3- Multiple Feeds
Given information:
F1, xf1, F2, xf2, xD, xW, R
F1 is saturated liqiud
F2 is saturated vapour
(XD,XD)
xD
R 1
Steps:
Top section operating
line as it is
(XW,X
W)
XW
XF2
XF1
XD
3- Multiple Feeds
Middle line starts
from the end of the
top section and ends
at the beginning of
the bottom section.
So point of
intersection of top
section and first qxD
line is on the middle R 1
section line.
We need another
point or a slope to
draw the middle line.
(XD,XD)
(XW,X
W)
XW
XF2
XF1
XD
3- Multiple Feeds
The slope of any
operating line is L/V in
the section it
represents.
So in the middle
section slope is L/V
As we know
xD
L=F1+L and V=V
R 1
Where
L=D*R and
V=L+D=(R+1)D
So we can now get L/V
and draw its line
(XD,XD)
L/V
(XW,X
W)
XW
XF2
XF1
XD
(XD,XD)
(XW,X
W)
XW
XF
XS
XD
x y
SD
(XD,XD)
x=y
(XW,X
W)
XW
XF
XS
XD
(XD,XD)
xD
R 1
(XW,X
W)
XW
XS
XF
XD
(XD,XD)
x=y
(XW,X
W)
XW
XS
XF
XD
6- Open Steam
Used in cases when the feed
contains water, so heat is
added to column in the form
of direct heating by steam
instead of reboiler.
The bottom section operating
line will change as the
equations will be changed.
Still the intersection of the
top section line and the q-line
is on the bottom section line.
6- Open Steam
Operating line of bottom section:
L+S=V+W L-V=W-S
L.xm+1+S.yS=V.ym+W.xW
To draw this line we need
another point, try 45o line
L.x=V.x+W.xW
(L-V)x=W.xW
(W-S)x=W.xW
W .xW
x y
W S
6- Open Steam
Steps:
1. Draw the top section
line
2. Draw the q-line
3. Locate the point
derived on the 45o line
4. Draw the bottom
xD
section line.
R 1
Here the bottom section
will end at a point (xw,0)
Usually S needed to be
calculated.
(XD,XD)
W .xW
W S
XW(XW,ys
)
XF
XD
=7960
Cal/gmol
Toluene
mmHg
Stripping tower
F=100 Kgmol/hr (saturated liquid)
xF=0.7 P=1 atm
W=15 Kgmol/hr xW=0.1
Steam: Hv=2740 KJ/Kg, hL=610 KJ/Kg
st=2130 KJ/Kg
a)
D=F-W=100-15=85 Kmol/hr
xD=(F.xF-W.xW)/D=(100*0.7-15*0.1)/85=0.806
T, C
PBo,
mmHg
P To ,
mmHg
X
Y
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
760
877
1016
1068
1344
1532
1800
205
345
405
475
557
645
760
1
1
0.78
0.90
0.58
1
0.78
0.48
0.678
0.26
0.46
0.13
0.26
0
0
b)
NTS= Reboiler + 4.6
0.9
0.8
c)
Qr=mst.st=V.r
r is calculated at yr
r
=0.2*7360+0.8*796
0
r =7840 Cal/gmol
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
V=???
Slope of operating line is L/V=1.1667
And
1
W+V=L
0.9
Get L and V
0.8
V=90 kmol/hr
L=105 Kmol/hr 0.7
0.6
L/V
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Finally
Qr=90*7840=705600 Cal/hr= 2949.408
KJ/hr
st=2130 KJ/Kg
2949.408 =2130*mst
mst= 1384.7 Kg/hr