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GENERATOR
& DYNAMO
Presented By:
GROUP
DEFINITION
LAWS &
PRINCIPLES
HISTORY
WORKING
PRINCIPLES
EARLY &
PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES
DEFINITION
LAWS &
PRINCIPLES
HISTORY
WORKING
PRINCIPLES
EARLY &
PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES
HISTOR
of
GENERATO
Y R
DCand DYNAMO
1831
The birth of the first
electric generator.
1827
The unpatented
discovery.
DEFINITION
LAWS &
PRINCIPLES
HISTORY
WORKING
PRINCIPLES
EARLY &
PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES
ARLY
velopment
1832
Hippolyte Pixiis Dynamo
1860
Pacinottis Dynamo
Pacinotti's Dynamo
Develo
ractical
ment
Gramme
Dynamo(1878)
Znobe Gramme reinvented
Pacinotti's
design in 1871 when designing the first
commercial power plants operated in Paris.
An advantage of Gramme's design was a
better path for the magnetic flux, by filling
the space occupied by the magnetic field
with heavy iron cores and minimizing the air
gaps between the stationary and rotating
parts. The Gramme dynamo was one of the
first machines to generate commercial
quantities of power for industry.
RotaryConverters
Converters
Rotary
After dynamos and motors were found to allow
easy conversion back and forth between
mechanical or electrical power, they were
combined in devices called rotary converters,
rotating machines whose purpose was not to
provide mechanical power to loads but to convert
one type of electric current into another, for
example DC into AC.
The technology of rotary converters was replaced
in the early 20th century by mercury-vapor
rectifiers, which were smaller, did not produce
vibration
and
noise,
and
required
less
DEFINITION
LAWS &
PRINCIPLES
HISTORY
WORKING
PRINCIPLES
EARLY &
PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES
PRINC
of
IPLES
GENERATOR
DCand DYNAMO
Principles
o Faraday's Law of Induction
o Fleming Right Hand Rule
Principle
of
DC
Generator
A
DEFINITION
LAWS &
PRINCIPLES
HISTORY
WORKING
PRINCIPLES
EARLY &
PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES
The
WORKING PRINCIPLES
of
DC
GENERATOR
and DYNAMO
Major
of
A PARTS
Generator
Magnetic Circuit
Yoke
It is the outer frame
of the generator
Acts as a protecting
shield
Mechanical support
for the poles
Field Magnet
Consist of the pole
core and the pole
shoes
Spreads the
magnetic flux in the
air gap
Due to its large
cross-section, it
reduces reluctance
of the magnetic path
Support the filed
Pole Coils
Consist of copper
wires wounded on
the former
Current passing
through the pole
coils produces the
necessary magnetic
flux
Armature Core
Houses the
armature
conductors
Provide a path of
very low reluctance
to the flux through
the armature
Built-up of circular
steel disk.(0.5 mm
thick)
Armature Windings
Commutator
Facilitates the
collection of current
from the armature
conductors
Converts AC to
unidirectional
current
Segments are
insulated by thin
layers of Mica
Brushes
Collects the current
from the
commutator
Made of carbon or
graphite
Armature Reaction
The magnetic field produced by
current in the armature of a dc
generator affects the flux pattern
and distorts the main field. This
distortion causes a shift in the
neutral plane, w/c affects the
commutation.
Armature Reaction
Motor Reaction in a
Generator
When a Generator
delivers
current
creates a magnetic
force that opposes
the rotation of the
armature.
Armature Losses
Copper Loss in the
Winding
Eddy Current Loss in the
Core
Hysteresis Loss
Hysteris Loss
o A heat loss caused by the magnetic
properties of the armature.
o When an armature core
is in a
magnetic field, the magnetic particles
of the core tend to lined up with the
magnetic field.
o Heat Treated Silicon steel laminations
are used to compensate with the
hysteresis loss.
Types of Armature
Gramme Ring
Armature
Drum Type
Armature
Types of Windings
(Drum Type)
Lap Windings
Wave Windings
Lap Windings
Wave Windings
DEFINITION
LAWS &
PRINCIPLES
HISTORY
WORKING
PRINCIPLES
EARLY &
PRACTICAL
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES
TYPES DC
of
GENERATOR
Separately Excited DC
Generator
Self Excited DC
Generator
Permanent Magnet DC
Generator
o Voltage drop in
the armature =
Ia Ra (R/sub>a
is the armature
resistance)
o Let, Ia = IL = I
(say)
o Then, voltage
across the load,
V = IRa
o Power
generated, Pg =
EgI
o Power delivered
to the external
load, PL = VI.
Wound Generators
Wound Generators
Ia=Ish
Two Types:
o
Short Shunt Compound Wound
Generators
o
Long Shunt Compound Wound
Generators
Presented By:
GROUP
Thank you!