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Specific Objectives
Lesson Outline
Daltons
Atomic
Theory
The
Modifications
of Daltons
Theory
Structure of the
Atom
Thomsons
Cathode Ray
Tube
Experiment
http://online.cctt.org.physicslab/content/phy2HON/lessonnotes/modern/electronbeams.asp
Electrons
Evidence
supporting the
presence of a
nucleus
Rutherfords
Experiment
www.sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/physics17/chapter13/chapter113.html
Protons
Positively charged
Mass: 1.673 x 10-24 g
The positive charge is equal in
magnitude to the negative
charge on the electron
In each atom # of protons = # of
electrons
As a result the atom is neutral
The Nucleus
Neutrons
Discovered by English scientist James
C. Chadwick in 1934
Neutral particles (no electric charge)
Mass: 1.6375 x 10-24 g
Henry Mosely (1913) explored the
nucleus of atoms. He found out that
the number of positive charge on the
nucleus is equal to the atoms
numbered position in the periodic
table which was given the symbol Z.
The Nucleus
Rutherfords model
of the atom
1897
1924
Solid Sphere Model or
Billiard Ball Model
proposed by John Dalton
1909
Planetary Model or
Nuclear Model
proposed by E. Rutherford
1913
Bohr Model or
Orbit Model
proposed by Neils Bohr
Mass/g
Mass/amu
Charge/C
Charge/e
Electron
9.109 x 10-28
5.486 x 10-4
-1.602 x 10-19
-1
Proton
1.673 x 10-24
1.007
+1.602 x 10-19
+1
Neutron
1.675 x 10-24
1.009
Isotopes
Isotopes of
Hydrogen
http:/encarta.msn.com/media_461531710_-1_1/Hydrogen_Isotopes.html
Atomic Weight
Exercise
The Mass
Spectrometer
The Mass
Spectrometer
The Mass
Spectrometer
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/masspec/howitworks.html
The Mass
Spectrometer
The Mass
Spectrometer
Roentgen:
Discoverer Alpha
and Beta rays
1897
The Curies:
Discoverers of
Radium and
Polonium 19001908
Becquerel:
Discoverer of
Radioactivity
1896
Science Park HS -- Honors Chemistry
Radioactivity
Radioactivit
y
1.Distance
2. Penetrating power
3.Half-life: Radioactivity
decays over time.
Types and
Characteristics of
Radiation
1.Distance: The
greater the
distance from a
radioactive
material, the
weaker radiation
becomes.
2. Penetrating
power: Radiation
has the power to
pass through
materials.
3.Half-life:
Radioactivity
decays over time.
Neutron to Proton
Ratio