Basic Maintenance

Maintenance of
radiography Equipment

In this module
we shall learn
1.

Introduction, Importance and necessity of maintenance-2hrs and

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

x-ray generators
x-ray tube and components
collimators
Bucky table and vertical Bucky
fluoroscopy equipment
mobile x-ray generators
film processors
Portable X-ray units
Tomography Attachments

preventive and corrective maintenance of

Healthcare Technology

Healthcare Technology
Devices

Medical Equipment- X-ray machines etc

Communication Equipment
Furniture- office and health facility
Cooling and Heating equipment etc etc

The Definition for medical devices

Medical device means any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, appliance,

implant, in vitro reagent or calibrator, software, material or other similar or related article,
intended by the manufacturer to be used, alone or in combination, for human beings for
one or more of the specific purposes of:
Diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment or alleviation of disease
Diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, alleviation of or compensation for an injury
Investigation, replacement, modification, or support of the anatomy or of a physiological
process
supporting or sustaining life
Control of conception
Disinfection of medical devices
providing information for medical purposes by means of in vitro examination of
specimens derived from the human body and which does not achieve its primary intended
action in or on the human body by pharmacological, immunological or metabolic means,
but which may be assisted in its function by such means.

Healthcare Technology ManagementHTM

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Organization & Coordination of followings

Gathering reliable information about your
equipment
Planning your technology needs and
allocating necessary funds for them
Purchasing suitable models and installing
them effectively
Providing sufficient resources for their use

Healthcare Technology ManagementHTM

v. Operating them effectively and safely
vi. Maintaining and repair them
vii. Decommissioning , disposing and replacing
unsafe and obsolete items
viii.Ensuring the staff have right skills to get the
best use of your equipment

Healthcare Technology ManagementHTM

Situation
About

Rs. 5-6 billion worth

equipment in hospitals

50

% of them are not in working

condition at any given time.

Causes of Equipment Failure

Substandard

Equipment
Poor End-user Training & Poor
handling
Poor Infrastructure &Environment
Poor Maintenance
Mismanagement of Repairs

Failure Rate Curve

Equipment Users
Are

key to successful HTM since they greatly

effect the life of equipment
Take good care of equipment
Operate equipment properly and safely
Undertake user planned preventive
maintenace and minor breakdowns
Reports faults promptly
Educate new users

Role of End users in Maintenance

1. Local staff may be able to do maintenance
and repair
i.

Down time will be less

i.

Less expensive

Role of End users in Maintenance

2.

i.

ii.
iii.

If calls for external service Engineer , we

can report accurately about the fault
He can attend with all the necessary spares
, tools etc.
Repeated visits can be avoided
Cost cutting

Role of End users in Maintenance

When

external technical people attend the

maintenance You can supervise them
i. so that the work will be done fully , effectively.
ii. It will enhance your knowledge

Ultimately

Less expensive
ii. Higher standard radiography
iii. Fewer failures
iv. Less downtime- less inconvenience for
patients & workers
v. Less radiation dose for patients & workers
i.

MAINTENANCE
a.Planned Preventive maintenance-PPM
( Routine maintenance,PM)

b. Corrective Maintenance
( Fault diagnosis and repairs)

Preventive Maintenance
(routine maintenance)
A

procedure that is planned and performed

on a routine basis to maintain and preserve
the condition of the equipment.
May discover potential problem which may
affect the performance & can be attended
QC

also a part of PM

Preventive Maintenance
(routine maintenance)
Gives

a good knowledge of the machine

Easier

to fault diagnosis as we know the

machine

Accurate reporting to the service department

- Enable them to quick response with necessary
spares and tools

Preventive Maintenance
(routine maintenance)

Inspection of the equipment-details

Operation

manual/service manual- refer for less

understood areas

Investigation
-

of legacy problems and solve them

Do not off this switch
do not use fine focus

Preventive Maintenance
Period
Depend

on the usage and manufacturer's

recommendations,

Heavy use- every 4 months

Others- every 6 months

Preventive Maintenance

complete inspection of operation and

function. Ensure all the areas are covered
using a checklist .

List

any incorrect operations or areas needs

further attention.

 When

a problem is located , correct it if

possible.
If not possible, try to continue with the rest of
the program and seek the assistance
When problem is found make a note in the
log book with all details

 Inspection

of all electrical plugs, cables, and

other electrical connections
A full mechanical inspection, adjustment and
lubrication if required.
Tests for calibration ( QC)
CLEANING- dusts, plasters and tapes

Familiarization of Equipment

i.

ii.
iii.

iv.

We purchase very sophisticated machines with many

functions. But most of them are either ignored or
misinterpreted
Why?
Not using the Operation Manual- lost or simply ignored.used
only as last resort
Incorrect information from replacement staff.
Pre-existing fault I accepted as normal and possible
corrections are ignored.
Equipment is modified and controls are different from manual

Familiarization of Equipment
Indicator

lights-when do they light up ?

What do they mean?

Audible

During

signals- when & why?

preparation or exposure , do you

hear a contactor or relay operating?

Familiarization of Equipment
What

sound does the Bucky make

during an exposure
What is the normal sound of the x-ray
tube anode during preparation?
Functions of meters and indicatorssome meters might display more than
one readings depending on the
generator operation.

Routine maintenance Programme

Ensure

all required procedures are

documented.
Make a list of replacement parts/materials may
be required .
List of tools needed??
Read operation manual thoroughly and be
familiar with all operation modes.
Allocation of a suitable time- depend on work
load

Basic tools
Screw

drivers- Philips, flat blade in different sizes

Jewelers screw drivers set
Allan keys- metric and imperial( inches)
Retractable blade
Tape measure- 3m
Ruler
Spirit level
Torch
Pliers- combination, long nose, side cutting
Wrenches, spanners, hammer

Test Equipment
Analogue

multimeter-500VAC
Thermometer
Densitometer or previously processed
sensitometry film
Sensitometer
Film screen contact test tool
Optional step wedge ,21 steps
Standard aluminum step wedge
Resolution test piece for fluoroscopy

Analog Multimeter

Step Wedges

Record Keeping

log book should be kept , for each

equipment separately or at least one book for
each room.
All the identification details shall be in the log
book.( make, model, SN etc)
A check list shall be prepared for each
equipment
All the services and repairs shall be entered
in the log book/ requests for repairs also

Equipment Manuals

Operation

instructions
Specifications
Spare part list
Installation procedures
Calibration
Data sheet for x-ray tube
Circuit diagrams
Service