Unit 16

Historical places
D. Writing

Types of charts/ graphs?

Line charts

Bar charts

Pie charts

Tables

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967

230,470

200000
150000
100000

USA

99,700
84,085

111,546
FRANCE
96,624

AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

BEFORE WRITING
- What is the information or data in the
graph or table about?
- What are the units of measurement used?
- What is the area/ place involved?
- What is the time- scale involved?
- What is the purpose of the graph or table?

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
259,967

250000

230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

USA
111,546 FRANCE
96,624
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

1. According
to the chart,
which
country had
the biggest
number of
visitors to
Vietnam in
2001?

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967
230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

1. According
to the chart,
the USA had
the biggest
number of
visitors to
Vietnam in
2001.

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967
230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

2. How
many
French
visitors
arrived in
Vietnam in
2001?

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
259,967

250000

230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

2. 99,700
French
visitors
arrived in
Vietnam in
2001.

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
259,967

250000

230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

USA
111,546 FRANCE
96,624
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

(Source: Vietnam
National Administration,
2002)
2001
2002

3. Which
country had
the smallest
number of
visitors to
Vietnam
in 2002?

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
259,967

250000

230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

3. Australia
had the
smallest
number of
visitors to
Vietnam in
2002.

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967
230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

4. Which
country
had the
smallest
number of
visitors to
Vietnam
in 2002?

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000

4. No, it
isnt.

259,967

250000

230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967
230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

Which
country,
France or
Australia,
had more
visitors to
Vietnam
in 2002?

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967
230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

5. France had
more visitors
to Vietnam in
2002.

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967
230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

How did the

number of
American
visitors to
Vietnam in
2002
increase in
comparison
with that in
2001?

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967
230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

111,546
96,624

USA
FRANCE
AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)

The
number of
American
visitors to
Vietnam
increases
slightly.

Top tips for writing

1. Read and understand the chart
thoroughly. Start by saying exactly
what the chart shows and the time
period, units of measurement
2. Describe the changes as precisely as
you can. Use data and numbers from
the bar chart.
3. Compare the information. Talk about
differences or similarities between

The description of a chart consists of:

1. Opening
2. Body
3. Conclusion

Top tips for writing

1. Read and understand the chart
thoroughly. Start by saying exactly
what the chart shows and the time
period, units of measurement
2. Describe the changes as precisely as
you can. Use data and numbers from
the bar chart.
3. Compare the information. Talk about
differences or similarities between

1. Opening
1.1 What does the chart describe?
The chart shows/ presents/ displays/
describes
The chart is about
The chart deals with
It can be seen from the chart that
From the chart it is clear that
Eg: The chart presents the population of
Vietnam from 2007 to 2012.

1. Opening
1.2 Where is the source of the chart from?
The source of the chart is from/provided by
Eg: The source of the chart is provided by
Vietnam National Administration of Tourism.

1. Opening
1.3 What is the main trend showed the
chart?
In general,/Generally,/Overall,
It can be seen from the chart that
It is clear from the chart that
Eg: In general, the population of Vietnam
increased steadily from 2007 to 2012.

1. Opening adverbs to describe the speed of

change

- rapidly/quickly/swiftly
- suddenly
Eg: The pollution rate increased
rapidly from 2009 to 2012.

1. Opening adverbs to describe the speed of

change
- steadily/gradually
- slowly
Eg: The unemployment rate decreased
gradually from 2009 to 2012.

2. Body structures to describe the increase

S + increase
by/ to + number/percent
rise
from + number/percent
go up
+ to + number/percent
climb
inflate
Eg1: The population of Vietnam rose to 2%
in 2012.
Eg2: The number of endangered species

2. Body structures to describe the decrease

S + decrease by/to + number/percent
fall
from + number/percent +
drop
to + number/percent
reduce
decline
Eg1: The unemployment rate fell by 5% in
2010.
Eg2: The price of gold dropped from five

2. Body adverbs to describe the amount of increase

or decrease
dramatically/sharply/hugely/
Number of Students
3900
enormously/steeply/markedly/
4000
substantially/considerably/
3500
significantly
3000
Eg1: The number of students
2500
2000
increased substantially from
1500
300 in 2001 to 3900 in 2003.
900
1000
Eg2: In 2003, the number of
300
500
students rose hugely by 3000
0
in comparison with that in
2001 2002 2003

2. Body adverbs to describe the amount of

increase or decrease
moderately/slightly/minima 1015
lly

Number of Teachers
1015

1013

1010

Eg1: The number of

teachers fell slightly from
1015 in 2002 to 1013 in
2003.
Eg2: In 2003, the number
of teachers declined

1005
1000
1000
995
990

2001 2002 2003

2. Body comparative structure

4000000
4000000
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000

1000000

1000000
500000
0

Haiphong Hanoi

A + be + (number/percent)
+ higher/lower than that
of B
Eg: The population of
Hanoi is (3.000.000)
higher than that of
Haiphong.
Or The population of
Haiphong is (3.000.000)

3. Conclusion
Population of Vietnam (From 2007 to 2012)What
2012

80

2011

79

2010

78

2009

77

2008
2007

76
75

72737475767778798081

can be concluded
from the chart?
In conclusion,
In summary,
To sum up,
Eg: In conclusion, the
population of Vietnam
rose gradually from 2007
to 2012.

4. Transition words
- According to the chart
- In contrast
- However
- On the other hand
- Like
- Unlike
- Although
- Besides / Moreover / Furthermore
- Likewise/ similarly

VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM

(From the USA, France and Australia)

300000
250000

259,967

230,470

200000
150000
100000

99,700
84,085

USA
111,546
FRANCE
96,624

AUSTRALIA

50000
0

2001

2002

(Source: Vietnam National Administration , 2002)

1. What does the chart describe?

2. Where is the source of the chart from?
3. What is the main change showed in the
chart?
4. Which countries had the biggest and
smallest number of visitors to Vietnam in 2001
and 2002?
5. What is the difference between the country
which had the biggest number of visitors and
the country which had the smallest one?
6. How did the number of
American/French/Australian visitors to Vietnam

THANK YOU
VERY MUCH!