BARRICADES

AND
SCAFFOLDS

BARRICADES
Barricade-from the French barrique
(barrel), is any object or structure that
creates a barrier or obstacle to control,
block passage or force the flow of traffic in
the desired direction.
Adopted as a military term, a barricade
denotes any improvised field fortification,
most notably on the city streets during
urban warfare.

Kinds of Barricades
Temporary traffic barricades-prevents
forcible passage for vehicles.
Military barricades-used as
fortification or line of defense in
many military detachments.
Industrial barricades-used to prevent
or isolate workers from going near a
machine or place.
Pedestrian barricades

Military barricades

Industrial barricades

Traffic barricades

Pedestrian barricades

HISTORY
The origins of the barricade are often
erroneously traced back to the "First
Day of the Barricades", a
confrontation that occurred in Paris
on 12 May 1588 in which the
supporters of the Duke of Guise and
the ultra-Catholic Holy League
successfully challenged the authority
of king Henri III.

HISTORY
In actuality, although barricades came to
widespread public awareness in that uprising
(and in the equally momentous "Second Day
of the Barricades" on 27 August 1648), none
of several conflicting claims concerning who
may have "invented" the barricade stand up
to close scrutiny for the simple reason that
Blaise de Monluc had already documented
insurgents' use of the technique at least as
early as 1569 in religiously based conflicts in
southwestern France.

DIFFUSION TO THE
INDUSTRY
1780-The barricade began its diffusion
outside France.

1830-played a significant role in the

Belgian Revolution .

1848-it became truly international in scope.

The day of barricades

USES
use primarily to isolate a place from
the crowd or it serves as a barrier in
a place. It is used also in the military
fortifications.
Nowadays, it is used anywhere from
construction sites to traffic barriers
and other purposes.

STANDARDS AND
MATERIALS
In Australia barrier boards, normally
referred to simply as council barriers,
are 2.5m long heavy duty PVC
boards with yellow and black
reflective stripes on both sides
supported by 1 or 2 'A frame'
stands/legs.

AUSTRAILIAN BARRICADES

EUROPIAN BARRICADES
In Europe
barrier boards
are typically red
and white
striped boards
made from PVC
plastic or wood
and used in
conjunction with
traffic cones.

AMERICAN BARRICADES
In the United
States barriers
are typically
white aluminium
or plastic 'A
frame' devices
with orange and
white reflective
boards on either
one side or both.

PHILIPPINE BARRICADES

In the Philippines, the color may be

orange and black stripes or yellow
and black stripes commonly seen in
highways and construction sites.

SCAFFOLDING

SCAFFOLDING

Scaffolding is a temporary structure

used to support people and material
in the construction or repair of
buildings and other large structures.

PURPOSE
The purpose of a
working scaffold
is to provide a
safe place of
work with safe
access suitable
for the work
being done.

HISTORY
Sockets in the
walls around the
paleolithic
cave paintings at
Lascaux, suggest
that a scaffold
system was used
for painting the
ceiling, over
17,000 years

HISTORY
The Berlin Foundry Cup depicts
scaffolding in ancient Greece (early
5th century BC).
The ancient Egyptians, Nubians and
Chinese are also recorded as having
used scaffolding-like structures to
build tall buildings.
Early scaffolding was made of wood
and secured with rope knots.

History
During the Victorian era, scaffolding
was put up by individual firms with
wildly varying standards and sizes.
Scaffolding was rationalized by the
British Patent Rapid company,
founded in 1906 by Daniel PalmerJones and his brother David.

Scaffolding terms
Guard rails
Classified into 2
1. top rail- must be between 38 - 45
inches above the platform surface.
2. Midrails-must be installed at a
height approximately midway
between the top rail and the platform
surface.

Top and mid rails

Toe boards
A vertical barrier at
floor level that is
erected along exposed
openings, such as a
floor opening,
platform, or runway.
Toe boards prevent
objects such as tools
and materials from
falling from one level
to the next.

CROSS BRACING
Cross braces
are used to
brace the
frames with
drop locks at
various
spacings

PLANKS
A plank is a piece of
timber that is flat,
elongated, and
rectangular with parallel
faces that are higher
and longer than wide.
Used primarily in
carpentry, planks are
critical in the
construction of ships,
houses, bridges, and
many other structures.

MATERIALS USED
Tubes are usually
made either of
steel or
aluminium. . The
tubes come in a
variety of lengths
and a standard
diameter of
48.3mm.

BOARDS
Boards provide a working
surface for scaffold users.
They are seasoned wood
and come in three
thicknesses (38mm (usual),
50mm and 63mm) are a
standard width (225mm)
and are a maximum of 3.9
m long. Steel or aluminium
decking is used, as well as
laminate boards.

COUPLERS
Couplers are the
fittings which hold
the tubes
together. The
most common are
called scaffold
couplers, and
there are three
basic types: rightangle couplers,
putlog couplers
and swivel

OTHERS
Other
common
scaffolding
components
include base
plates,
ladders,
ropes, anchor
ties, and
reveal ties,
gin wheels,
sheeting.

BAMBOO SCAFFOLDING
Bamboo scaffolding is
widely used in Hong
Kong, with nylon straps
tied into knots as
couplers. In India,
bamboo or other
wooden scaffolding is
also mostly used, with
poles being lashed
together using ropes
made from coconut
hair.

STANDARDS
The European Standard, BS EN
12811-1 specifies performance requirements
and methods of structural and
general design for access and
working scaffolds. Requirements
given are for scaffold structures that
rely on the adjacent structures for
stability

OTHER STANDARDS
DIN 4420 refers to a series of DIN standards dedicated
to working and protection scaffolds. The standard is
divided in the following parts:
DIN 4420-1 - Working and protection scaffolds (except for
ladder scaffolds) Design and detailing
DIN 4420-2 - Working and protection scaffolds Ladder
scaffolds
DIN 4420-3 - Working and protection scaffolds (except for
ladder scaffolds and prefabricated scaffolds) Safety
requirements and standard types
DIN 4420-4 - Working and protection scaffolds
Prefabricated scaffolds Materials, components,
dimensions, load bearing