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fatty acids
poly--keto
chains
prostaglan
dins
macrolide
antibiotics
Polyketide
s
aromatic
compound
s
Animal
Fungal
Large
multifunctional
protein with
seven discrete
functional
domains on a
single
polypeptide
encoded by a
single gene
(homodimer)
Multifunctional
enzyme with
seven discrete
functional
domains on two
non identical
polypeptides
and encoded
by a single gene
(66
dodecamer)
Bacteria &
Plant
An assembly
of separable
enzymes,
encoded by
seven
different
genes
Enzyme Activities of
Mammalian FAS
FAS in
bacteria
and
plants
For example:
three distinct KS
activities with
characteristic
chain-length
specificities have
been identified in
plants.
One condenses
acetyl-CoA with
malonyl-ACP,
one is responsible
Fatty Acids
Animal
Saturate
d Fatty
Acid
Solid
Plant &
Fish
Unsatura
ted Fatty
Acid
Liquid
9-desaturase enzyme
introduced a cis double
bond into a saturated fatty
acid, requiring O2 and
NADPH or NADH cofactors
prostaglandins
modified
C20 fatty
acids
first
isolated
from
human
semen
and
initially
assumed
to be
secreted
by the
prostate
gland
regulate
blood
exert a
pressure,
occur
wide
contractio
widely in variety of
ns of
animal
pharmacol
smooth
tissues,
ogical
muscle,
but only in effects on
gastric
tiny
humans
secretion,
amounts
and
and
animals
platelet
aggregati
on
Polyketide Synthases
(PKSs)
Type I
Type II
large multifunctional proteins with individual
functional domains
Iterative
Non-iterative
possess a distinct
active site for every
enzyme-catalysed
step
complex of individual
monofunctional
proteins
Iteractive
Macrolides
macrocyclic lactones with a ring size typically 1216
atoms, and with extensive branching through methyl
substituents.
Two or more sugar units are attached through glycoside
linkages; these sugars tend to be unusual 6-deoxy
structures often restricted to this class of compounds.
Examples include l-cladinose, l-mycarose, d-mycinose,
and l-oleandrose.
At least one sugar is an amino sugar, e.g. d-desosamine,
d-forosamine, and d-mycaminose.
These antibiotics have a narrow spectrum of
antibacterial activity, principally against Gram-positive
microorganisms.
Their antibacterial spectrum resembles, but is not
identical to, that of the penicillins, so they provide a
valuable alternative for patients allergic to the
penicillins.
Macrolide
Pathway
Saccharopolyspora
erythraea
Aromatics
THAN
K YOU