Floor Systems & Advanced

Topics

Topics

Introduction to various flooring systems in concrete and

steel

Structural systems for future generation buildings

Economics

Need of new materials for design of tall structures

Floor Systems Reinforced Concrete

One way slabs on beams or walls

One way pan joists and beams

One way slabs on beams and girders

Two way flat plate

Two way flat slab

Waffle flat slabs

Two way slab and beam

One way slab on Beams or

Walls
Solid Slab spanning continuously over walls or beams

Thickness: upto 8 in. (0.2m)

Span: upto 24ft (7.4m)

Advantage:
Requires simple formwork with simple reinforcement

Disadvantage:
System is heavy and inefficient in both concrete and reinforcement

Suitable for use in cross wall and cross

frame residential high rise construction

One way Pan Joists and

Beams

Thin Meshed Reinforced Slab sits on closely spaced cast-in-place

joists spanning between major beams which transfer the load to the
columns

Thickness: 2.5 in. (6 cm)

Joists: 6-20 in. (15-51 cm) depth and are spaced from 2030 in. (76
cm)

Span: upto 40ft (12.3m)

Advantage:

The compositely acting slab and

joists form in effect of a set of closely
spaced T-beams capable of large
spans

One way Slab and Girders

One way slab spans between beams at a relatively close spacing

while the beams are supported by girders that transfer the load to
the columns

Thickness: 3-6 in. (7.6 15 cm)

Span: 46ft (14m)

Advantage:
Long spans capability
Compatibility with two way lateral
load resisting rigid frame

Two way Flat plate

Two way reinforced slab is supported directly by columns or

individual short walls

Span: 26ft (8m) for Reinforced form, 36ft (11m) for Post-tensioned

Advantages:
Most economical floor system in terms
of form work and reinforcement
Possibility of using the clear soffit as a
ceiling, which results minimum story
height

Two way Flat Slab

Flat slab diffuses from the flat plate in having capitals and/or drop
panels at the top of the columns

Advantages:

Capitals increase the shear capacity

Drop increases both shear and negative

moment capacities at the supports

More appropriate than flat plate for

heavy loads and long spans

Waffle Flat Slabs

Slab supported by a square grid closely spaced joists with filler

panels over the columns

Span: 30 in (76m) square

Thickness: 20 in. (50 cm)

Advantage:
Geometrically interesting soffit,
which is often left without
further finish at the ceiling

Two way Slab and beam

Slab spans two ways between orthogonal sets of beams that

transfer the load to the columns or walls

Advantage:
Allows thinner slab and economical in concrete and reinforcement

Compatible with lateral load resisting

rigid frame structure

Max length/width ratio to effective in

two directions is approximately 2

Floor Systems Steel

Framing

One way beam system

Two way beam system

Three way beam system

Composite steel concrete floor system

One way Beam System

Rectangular grid of columns supports set of parallel long span

beams at a relatively close spacing, with the slab transversely to
the beams

In cross frame structure, the beams at the partition lines may be

deepened to participate in lateral load resisting rigid frames or
braced bents

Two way Beam System

Used for buildings whose columns are required to be farther apart

in both directions

To minimise the total structural depth of the floor frame , the

heavily loaded girders are aligned with the shorter span and the
relatively lightly secondary beams with the longer span.

Three way Beam System

A deep lattice girder will form the primary component with beams
or open web joists forming the secondary and tertiary systems

Used for buildings whose columns have to be very widely spaced

to allow large internal column-free areas

Composite Steel Concrete Floor

Systems

Steel members are joined to the slab by shear connectors so that

the slab serves as a compression flange