Moving Charges and Electric Fields

Electron Gun
This uses Thermionic
Emission to release
electrons which are
accelerated and directed
by the Electric Field
between various plates at
different Potentials.
 Simple Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

The electrons gain KE from the Field:

Ek = eV = ½mv2
v2 = 2eV
m
(aslongasv<<<<<c)
Focusing on the Fluorescent Screen

The Electric Field

can act like a lens
and focus the
electrons in a spot
on the screen

Aiming at the Fluorescent Screen

If a saw-tooth Voltage is applied to the
plates then the dot on the screen can be
made to move backwards and forwards.
 Magnetic Fields and Current

Magnetic
fields are
caused by
charges in
motion.
Magnetic Field Strength – B
This is defined as the Force per Unit Length per B = F
Unit Current on a current carrying conductor at
Right Angles to the Magnetic Field Il
Units: Tesla (T)

Force on a Conductor in a
Magnetic Field
F I (Current in wire)
F l (Length of wire in field)
F B (Magnetic Field Strength)
F sinθ (θ is the angle between B and I)

F = BIlsinθ
As long as the units of B are Tesla
Moving Charges

l=vt
I=q/t
(distance travelled by q in
(charge flowing per second) time t at a velocity of v)

F = BIlsinθ
F = B(q)(vt)sinθ
(t)
F = Bqvsinθ
Bsinθ is the proportion of B at 90° to q’s direction
 Particles and Fields Comparisons
1.Gravitational Field 2.Electric Field

3.Magnetic Field
•Gravitational & Electric
fields cause parabolic
paths.
•Magnetic fields cause
circular paths – the
force is always at right
angles to the direction
of the current (charge)
More about Magnetic Field Lines:
Field is coming out of the page (South is near)

Field is going into the page (North is near)

Remember it is as though you are looking at the top or the

bottom of an arrow pointing always from North to South
Aurora Borealis

Charged particles from space get

trapped while moving through
the Earth’s magnetic field and
release light as they travel
through the atmosphere.
Hall Effect

•Positive Charges move to top, Negative to bottom

•This separation of charges creates an Electric Field vertically
•The Potential Difference is called the Hall Voltage – Vh
•At Equilibrium:
Force due to the Magnetic Field = Force due to Electric Field
 E= F = Vh
q d

F = Bqv

F = Vhq
d

Force due to the Electric Field = Force due to Magnetic Field

Vh = Bvd
Hall Effect continued

If:
n = number of free electrons per unit volume
A = cross sectional area of the conductor
l = length of conductor
t = time taken for charge to travel

I = nlAe But l/t = v I = nvAe v= I

t nAe

Vh = BI
net