Laser and Optical Fiber

Group 7
Member of group 7 :
Monica Olievya K.
Muh Mauludi Edwin A.S
Muhamad Areva Prastama
Muhamad Ridwan H.


L ight

A mplification by
S timulated

E missionof
R adiation

Laser

Definition
.
Alaseris a device
that
emitslightthrough
a process ofoptical
amplificationbased
on thestimulated
emission
ofelectromagnetic
radiation

The type of laser

Laser have 3 different type:
1. Laser solid material, the material
is made from solid thing, like a semi
conductor laser, and ruby laser.
2. Laser gas, the material is a gas
like N2 and CO2
3. Laser liquid, the material is liquid,
like laser color material.

Main component of laser

1. Active medium
2.Exictation mechanism
3. Mirorr with high refelection

Mirror

Stimulated
emission

Ef

Ei

Mirror

Mirror

Feed-back by the cavity

Mirror

Ef

Ei

Mirror

Feed-back by the cavity

Ef
Ei

Mirror

After several round trips

Mirror
Mirror
Ef

Ei

Laser beam

Spectrum

For frecuency, the laser waves same like the spectrum of

visible light ( 1014 Hz (100 terahertz) until 1016 (10000
terahertz)
For wavelength, the laser waves has 10-6 m (1000 nm) until

SPECTRUM

From left to right : gamma,X-Ray, ultraviolet,visible

light, infrared,gelombang mikro,gelombang radio.

Inventor
Charles Hard
Townes(born July
28, 1915

Arthur Leonard
Schawlow(May 5, 1921
April 28, 1999)

APPLICATION

Laser Healing

Barcode scanner

Laser Printer

laser pointer

LASER PRINTER
Laser printer is an
electrostatic digital
printing process that
rapidly produces high
quality text and graphics
by passing a laser beam
over a charged drum to
define a differentially
charged image.

LASER PRINTER

LASER PRINTER

Laser weakness
A laser must used carefully, and
when using it we have to use
glasess, because the laser could burn
up our retinas

FIBER OPTIC

Definition
Definition of
of fiber
fiber
optic
optic
Fiber
optic
is
a
flexible,
transparent
fiber made of
extruded glass or plastic . Optic
fibers are widely used in fiber
optic communications, where we
can
acsess
transmission
over
longer
distance
and
higher
bandwith than wired cable.

FOUNDER
Charles Kuon Kao. Kao given
award because of revealing
the secrets how passing
light in far distance with
fiber optic. This experiment
is made by him in the
middle of 1960. He make a
statement the thing that
wrong is not the fiber , but
the main material of its
fiber optic , the glass
material is not pure
enough. Because the fiber
will be more transparent, so
the light will come in more
easily.

William Sterling
Boyle

George Elwood Smith

Part of the fiber optic cable

Fiber optic cables are divided

into the cladding and core.

Cladding is the cover of the core. The

cladding has a lower refractive index than
the core, and it will reflect the light that
came out of the core back into the core
again.

Fiber optics division can be

seen from two kinds of
differences

Based on the propagated

mode
Based on the refractive
index of the core

Based on the
propagated mode:
single mode
: Fiber optic with a very small
core diameter so close to the
wavelength of light that goes
into it is not reflect into
cladding wall . Glass core
single-mode cable is generally
8.3 to 10 microns in diameter
(much smaller than the
diameter of a hair)
multi mode
: Optical fiber wit
h a core diamete
r
that is slightly la
rger which make
s
the laser in it wil
l be reflecting on
the wall cladding
which can cause
a reduction in th
e bandwidth of th
e
optical fiber of th
is type. The mult
imode diameter is
about 50-100
microns.

Step index
In step index optical fiber, the
core has a homogeneous
refractive index.
graded index
: Core refractive index that
closer to the cladding has
smaller refractive index. So
in graded index, central
core has the biggest
refractive index. Graded
index fiber makes it
possible to bring greater
bandwidth, because of the
widening pulsa can be
reduced

Based on the
refractive index
of the core:

There are several

advantages of fibe
r
optic transmission
compared to
other media, nam
ely:

1) The width of the broad field is so

wide, so it can
transfer a large
amount of information
2) Very small and cheap and also high
security
3) Not affected by electrical fields and
magnetic fields.
4) The cable cant be rooting
5) Because there is no fiber in the
electric power, then there will be no
explosion and spark.

some weakness in them, that is:

It is difficult to make the fiber cable
terminal.
Setting the fiber must use
techniques and high accuracy.
Transmission characteristics can be
changed in the event because of
excsesive pressure from outside
Construction of optical fiber so weak
in its use as a protection layer for
the fiber

APPLICATION OF
FIBER OPTIC

Thank You