SAMPLE

AND
SAMPLE SIZE

SAMPLING
METHODS

By: Lydia C. Cadacio

Presenter

SAMPLING
A sample is a smaller (but hopefully
representative) collection of units from a
population used to determine truths
about that population (Field, 2005)

 A sample is some part of a larger

body specially selected to represent
the whole.
Sampling is the process by which this
part is chosen. Sampling then is
taking any portion of a population or
universe as representative of that
population or universe.

 The sample method involves taking a representative

selection of the population and using the data collected
as research information.
A sample is a subgroup of a population (Frey et al.
125).
The sample should be representative in the sense that
each sampled unit will represent the characteristics of a
known number of units in the population (Lohr 3).
It has also been described as a representative taste of
a group (Berinstein 17).

Types of Samples
Probability (Random) Samples
Simple random sample

Systematic random sample

Stratified random sample
Cluster sample

Non-Probability Samples
Convenience sample
Purposive sample
Quota

Probability Random Sample

best sampling
it increases the likelihood of obtaining
samples that are representative of the
population.
They provide the most valid or credible
results because they reflect the
characteristics of the population from
which they are selected (e.g., residents of
a particular community, students at an
elementary school, etc.)

RANDOM SAMPLE
Random samplingoccurs when
each sampling unit in a clearly
defined population has an equal
chance of being included in the
sample.

Stratified Sampling
The population is broken down into
categories, and a random sample is taken
of each category
A stratified sample is a mini-reproduction of
the population. Before sampling, the
population is divided into characteristics of
importance for the research.
ex. gender, social class, education level,
religion, etc. Population is randomly
sampledwithineach category or stratum.

Non-probability samples
are limited with regard to generalization.
they do not truly represent a population, we cannot
make valid inferences about the larger group from
which they are drawn.
Non-probability samples are limited with regard to
generalization. Because they do not truly represent
a population, we cannot make valid inferences
about the larger group from which they are drawn.

Convenience sample
is a matter of taking what you can
get. It is anaccidentalsample.
Volunteers would constitute a
convenience sample.

Purposive sample
a non-representative subset of some
larger population, and is constructed
to serve a very specific need or
purpose
A researcher may have a specific
group in mind, such as high level
business executives.
It may not be possible to specify the
population -- they would not all be
known, and access will be difficult.

Quota sample
the researcher deliberately sets the
proportions of levels or strata within the
sample.
A researcher is interested in the attitudes
of members of different religions towards
the death penalty. In Iowa a random
sample might miss Muslims (because there
are not many in that state)
Ex. Religion

Cluster Sampling
Used when populations can be
broken down into many different
categories, or clusters (e.g. church
parishes).
Rather than taking a sample from
each cluster, a random selection of
clusters is chosen to represent the
whole. Within each cluster, a random
sample is taken.

STEPS

Identify the population of interest.

Specify a sampling frame.
Specify a sampling method.
Determine the sample size
Implement the plan.
By Natalie Boyd

Advantages of Sampling Method

Reduce Cost - It is cheaper to collect data from a part
of whole population and is economically in
advance
Greater Speed Gives more time to researcher for data collection
so it is so it is quickly and has lot of time for
collection of inflammation
Detailed Information - investigator during studying a small universe
provides a detail and comprehensive information's
Practical Method Sampling is the only practical method when the
population is infinite
Much easier It is much easier to collect information from many
individuals

Disadvantages
Careful sampling selection difficult
Expert are required for careful study of
the universe.
If the informations is required for each
and every unit in the study, then it is
difficult to interview each and every
person in sampling method
By: Study Lecture Notes http://www.studylecturenotes.com/social-researchmethodology/advantages-disadvantages-of-sampling-method-of-datacollection

SAMPLE RESEARCH

A Study on the Factors

Affecting the Infant Feeding Practices
Of Mothers in Las Pias City
By [Author], University of the
Philippines
2009

To cite this article:

Explorable.com(Jun 26, 2009).
Research Paper Example. Retrieved
Mar 03, 2016 from Explorable.com:
https://explorable.com/research-paper
-example

SAMPLING METHOD
Random Sampling
From 20 barangay of Las Pinas City,
3 picked through random sampling

SAMPLE
100 mother and infant pair

INSTRUMENTS
Interviews with the respondents
Observations in numerical
representations
Questionaire

RESULTS/FINDINGS
20 % of mothers in the study currently
exclusively breastfeed their babies
Socio-economic factors like mothers work
status, marital status and educational
attainment had direct bearing on these practices
Employed mothers tend to cease from
breastfeeding their babies and eventually stop
and just resort to formula feeding as they go
back
to work

 Married mothers and living with their

partners are more like to breastfeed
their infants than single mother
Those with higher educational
attainment resort more to formula
feeding and mixed feeding than
those with lower educational
attainment.

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION
World Health Organization (WHO)
and UNICEF along with other
breastfeeding advocates, for mothers
to breastfeed their children at least
until 6 months of age.

THANK
YOU