What Is Light ?

Advanced Optronic Devices (M) Sdn Bhd

Luminous flux
This expresses the total
quantity of light radiated
per 1 second by
a light source.
The unit of luminous flux
is the lumen (lm)

Luminous intensity
This is defined as the flux of
light emitted in a certain
direction.
The unit of luminous intensity
is the candela (cd)

Illuminance
This is the quantity of light
falling on a unit area of a
surface.
The unit of illuminance is
lumen/m2, or lux (lx)

Luminance
This describes the light
emitted from a unit area in
a specific direction.
The unit of luminance is
expressed in cd/m2
(apparent surface)

Light sources

Colour Temperature

Colour Temperature

Colour Temperature

Colour Rendering

Colour Rendering
Properties
Ra 50-79

Appearance of
colored objects
under different
rendering sources

Ra 80-89

HPSV

CERAMIC ARC METAL

HALIDE

The Lamp Family

Lamps
Incandescent
Halogen

GLS & Reflector

Low voltage
Mains voltage

Low-Pressure

Gas-Discharge
Mercury

High-Pressure

Sodium

Low-Pressure

Metal Halide

High-Pressure
High-Pressure

Incandescent & Halogen

Lamps

Incandescent lamp
Good Colour Rendering
Cheap
Dimmable
Short Life 1000 Hrs
Heat
Inefficient

Reflector Lamps

PAR 38 & PAR 56

Blown bulb Reflector

Special shape
Pressed
Glass
Blown bulb
Internal
Aluminum
reflector
Choice of
beam angles

Mains Voltage
Halogen Lamps

Low voltage Dichroic lamp

Cool Beam
Precise angles
UV protection
with glass
Single-ended

Double-ended

Warm Colour Appearance, 3000- 3200K

Excellent Colour rendition , Ra =100
Life 2000-5000 hrs

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

Fluorescent lamp
diameters
T12
T8
T5

Electromagnetic
ballast
for TL/TLD
System configuration
Ballast helps to start &
provide stable lamp current
Live

Capacitor corrects
power
factor

Neutral

Starter provides ignition voltage

Electromagnetic

T5 Technology

T 5 technology
Miniaturisation
Diameter 16 mm
Shorter length
More precise optical

control
Shallow Luminaires
can fit into any metric
system ceiling

Electronic ballast System Configuration

Live

Neutral
Ballast provides stable lamp current,
provides ignition voltage and
corrects power factor

Compact Fluorescent
Lamps

Miniaturisation of Fluorescent
Lamps

CFL Non Integrated (NI)

PL-S

PL-C

PL-T

PL-L

CFL - Integrated (I)

Thorn Lighting

HID lamps

Principle of a gas discharge lamp

bulb
discharge tube
metals & starting gas
electrodes

PCA Ceramic tube for Sodium

Quartz for Mercury & Metal
Halide

HPL Mercury
Lamp

Metal Halide Lamp

Metal Halide Additives with
Mercury
Improves Colour Properties
Mercury regulates the arc
voltage and heat

Control Gear
Conventional Control Gear (CCG)

Electronic Control Gear (ECG)

Transformers

Components
Ballast (choke)

Capacitor for power factor

correction
Ignitor start lamp (except
mercury and Son I Lamp)

Functions Control Gear

Ballast - To limit current after starting
Starter - Starting of Lamp Capacitor - Power factor correction
Filter - Harmonics control

Type of Light Fixtures

Indoor Lighting

Compact Fluorescent
Down Light

Ceiling Light

Bare Channel

Wall Light

Recessed
Fluorescent Lighting

Recess Wall Light

Pendant

Track Light

Type of Light Fixtures

Industry Lighting

Metal Halide
Highbay

Explosion Proof
Light / Atex

T5 Highbay

Low Bay

Weatherproof Lighting

Type of Light Fixtures

Outdoor Lighting

Flood Light

Inground Light

Street Lighting

Wall Recess

Compound Lighting

Underwater Lighting

Updown Light

Bulkhead/ Outdoor
Wall Light

Lighting Distribution

Asymmetrical

Symmetrical

Street Optic