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Introduction

Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

Describe course objectives
Describe backup methods
Describe the forms of data recovery
Describe Oracle Recovery Manager architecture
Plan a recovery strategy
Plan a backup strategy based on your recovery strategy

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Course Objectives

After completing this course, you should be able to:

Use Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) to perform
backup and recovery operations
Create a duplicate database
Perform tablespace point-in-time recovery
Create and manage an RMAN recovery catalog
Use Oracle Secure Backup to back up and restore
Oracle databases and file-system data to and from tape

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

What Is Backup and Recovery?

Backup and recovery constitutes the strategies and

procedures you employ to:
Protect your database against data loss
Reconstruct your database following data loss

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Performing Backup and Recovery Operations for

an Oracle Database
For performing backup and recovery based on physical
backups, the following solutions are available:
Recovery Manager: A utility with a command-line client
and an Enterprise Manager GUI interface
User-managed backup and recovery: A technique that
involves using operating system commands to create
backups and using SQL*Plus commands for additional
backup and recovery operations

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Using Oracle Recovery Manager

RMAN:
Is a command-line client for advanced functions
Has powerful control and scripting language
Has a published API that enables interface with most
popular backup software
Backs up data, control, archived log, and server
parameter files
Backs up files to disk or tape

Enterprise Manager uses Recovery Manager (RMAN) to

perform backup and recovery operations.

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Recovery Manager Components

Server
session

Target database
(control file
repository)

Recovery
Manager
(RMAN)

Options

Channel

Channel

Auxiliary
database

Server
session
Channel
MML

Disk

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Enterprise
Manager

Flash Recovery
Area
Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Recovery
catalog
database

Using Oracle Secure Backup

One tool to backup and restore Oracle databases and

file-system data to and from tape
Integrated with RMAN and Enterprise Manager
Supports Oracle9i and Oracle Database 10g

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Overview of Oracle Backup Methods

Backup strategies:
Whole: A backup of the control file and all datafiles that
belong to a database
Partial: A portion of the database

Backup types:
Full: A non-incremental RMAN backup
Incremental: Only information that has changed since
some previous backup

Backups modes:
Offline: Consistent, also referred to as cold backup
Online: Inconsistent, also referred to as hot backup

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

When Do You Need to Use a Backup for

Recovery?
The use of a backup to perform recovery is often required
for the following types of errors:
Media failure: The failure of a read or write of a
database file due to a physical problem with the file
User errors: Data in your database is changed or
deleted incorrectly

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Responding to User Error

Possible responses to user error include:

Reentering the lost data manually, if a record of the
changes exists
Importing the dropped object, if a suitable export file
exists or the object is still available on a standby
database
Performing tablespace point-in-time recovery (TSPITR)
of one or more tablespaces
Returning the database to a past state using database
point-in-time recovery
Using one of the Oracle Flashback features to recover
from logical corruption by returning affected objects to
a past state
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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Overview of Data Recovery

Crash recovery: Automatic recovery after instance

failure
Media recovery: Recovery of current datafiles, control
files
Complete recovery: Recovery of the database to the most
recent point in time
Incomplete recovery (point-in-time recovery): Recovery of
the database to its state at a specific time or system
change number (SCN)

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Oracle Database Architecture: Crash Recovery

The online redo log files are used to roll the database
forward.
Uncommitted changes are rolled back.

Online redo
log files

Database at
time of instance
failure

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Undo blocks

Database with
committed and
uncommitted
transactions
Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Database with
committed
transactions only

Oracle Database Architecture: Recovery After

Media Failure
Datafiles are restored from a backup.
Archived and online redo log files are used to roll the
database forward.

Online and
archived redo
log files

Database with
restored
datafiles
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Undo blocks

Database with
committed and
uncommitted
transactions
Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Recovered
database

Developing a Backup and Recovery Strategy for

Your Oracle Database
Assess service-level criteria, including:
Data availability requirements
Data criticality
Recovery point and time objectives

Anticipate the errors that will arise in your environment

and put in place the backup procedures needed to
recover from those errors.

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Oracle Solutions for High Availability

In addition to backup and recovery strategies and

procedures, consider the following Oracle solutions:
Oracle Data Guard: Provides a comprehensive set of
services that create, maintain, manage, and monitor one
or more standby databases
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC): Enables access
to a single database from multiples instances
Oracle Streams: Enables the propagation and
management of data, transactions, and events in a data
stream
LogMiner: Enables you to query redo log files through a
SQL interface to provide data recovery

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Oracle High Availability Solutions for

Unplanned Downtime
Computer failure: Fast-start fault recovery, Real
Application Clusters (RAC), Data Guard, Oracle
Streams
Storage failure: Automatic Storage Management (ASM),
RMAN with Flash Recovery Area, Data Guard, Oracle
Streams
Human errors: Oracle security features, Oracle
Flashback technology, LogMiner
Data corruption: Hardware Assisted Resilient Data
(HARD) initiative, RMAN with Flash Recovery Area,
Data Guard, Oracle Streams
Site failure: RMAN, Data Guard, Oracle Streams
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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

Describe backup methods
Describe the forms of data recovery
Describe Oracle Recovery Manager architecture
Plan a recovery strategy
Plan a backup strategy based on your recovery strategy

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.