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Lao, MD
Joseph Hope G. Cal, MD
Teresita Celestina S. Fuentes, MD
Emeraldee L. Garcia, RPSGT
Nanette G. Deyro, RPSGT
Evidences
Reversible
behavioral state of
perceptual disengagement from and
unresponsiveness to the environment
Complex amalgam of physiological
and behavioral processes
Stage II NREM
45-55% of sleep time; intermediate sleep
begins after 10-12 minutes of Stage I NREM
sleep spindles, K complexes, delta waves <
20%
lasts 30-60 mins
Tonic Stage
desynchronized EEG, hypotonia & atonia of
major muscle groups
Phasic Stage
characterized by rapid eye moments in all
directions
phasic swings in BP, HR, RR
frequently occur in early morning hours
Chokroverty 2000
cardio-circulatory
functions
and
body
movements.
It monitors physiological or pathological events in
sleep.
breathing
Nocturnal seizures
or
Electroencephalogra
m (EEG)
Electrooculogram
(EOG)
Chin
electromyogram
(EMG)
Electrocardiogram
(ECG)
Oximetry
Leg electromyogram
(EMG)
Body position
Snoring sensors
Continuous audio/video
monitoring & behavior
observation
Cleansing of site
Collodion or EEG electrode paste
Record eye
movement activity
Vicinity of right and
left outer canthus
Mental-submental
derivation
Electrode placed
directly over chin,
referenced to
electrode placed 2-3
cm off midline,
slightly below
jawbone
Single-channel ECG
Electrodes over
right clavicle and
lower left thorax
Anterior tibialis
muscles of each leg
Less precise than
scalp and facial
derivations
Respiratory tracings
represent indirect,
qualitative
measures of
respiratory airflow
and effort
Thermal airflow
sensors
Nasal cannula
pressure transducers
AASM 2007
Central Apnea
cessation of airflow with no respiratory
effort
Mixed Apnea
initial cessation of airflow with no
respiratory effort followed by periods of
upper airway OSA
ATS, 1989
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