RNP CONCEPT

Schedule for Training

Schedule for RNO-Knowledge Transfer to BSS Maintenance Staff
8 11 July 2003
Date

Tim e
8:00-9:00

9:00-10:00 10:00-11:00 11:00-12:00 12:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00 16:00-17:00 17:00-17:30

Preparation of Presentation

7-Jul-03

Monday

8-Jul-03

Tuesday

9-Jul-03

Wednesday

RF Parameters

OMC Operation

10-Jul-03

Thursday

Traffic Statistic

Optimization tools

11-Jul-03

Friday

Cell Planning Concept

Trouble Shooting

Netw otk Activity

Discussion

Contents for July 8, 2003

AIS-Huawei Cooperation
AIS-Huawei Thailand Network
RNP SOW and Work Flow
Coverage Planning Concept
Capacity Planning Concept
Frequency Planning Concept
Parameter Planning Concept
RNO Concept

Possible Co-operation with AIS

RNP/RNO
OMC
MC
Project
.
.
.
Others

Huawei

AIS-Huawei Thailand Network (1)

Northern Region:

Central-North Region:
Region

AIS Network: 10 BSCs

AIS Network: 2 BSCs

DPC Network: 2 BSCs

DPC Network: 1 BSC

Eastern
Region:
DPC Network: 6 BSCs

Central-West Region:

North -East Region:

Southern Region:

DPC Network: 2 BSCs

AIS Network: 7 BSCs

AIS Network: 4 BSCs

DPC Network: 2 BSCs

AIS Phase11 and DPC Phase 3.1

AIS GSM Network (2)

Region

GSM900

GSM900

GSM1800 Networking

Northern (N)

Shared MSC

Central-West (CW)

Shared MSC

Central-North (CN)

Shared MSC

Southern (S)

Shared MSC

AIS-Huawei Thailand Network (2)

Region
CN
N
S
W
NE
E

Provinces Provinces (HW)

5
5
18
14
14
10
8
6
19
8
-

Network
Ericsson G9, Huawei G18,G9
Nokia G9, Huawei G18,G9
Nokia G9, Huawei G18,G9
Nokia G9, Huawei G18,G9
Siemens G9,G18
Siemens G9,G18

DPC Network (3)

Region

GSM1800

Networking

Northern (N)

Independent MSC

Eastern (E)

Independent MSC

Central-North (CN)

Independent MSC

Southern (S)

Independent MSC

North East (NE)

Independent MSC

Contents for July 8, 2003

AIS-Huawei Cooperation
AIS-Huawei Thailand Network
RNP SOW and Work Flow
Coverage Planning Concept
Capacity Planning Concept
Frequency Planning Concept
Parameter Planning Concept
RNO Concept

RNP Scope of Work

Operators requirements
subscriber forecasts
coverage requirements
quality of service
recommended sites

External information sources

terrain & morphological data
population data
bandwidth available
frequency co-ordination
constraints

Network Planning team

data acquisition
site survey
field measurement evaluation
CW design and analysis
transmission planning

Network design
number and configuration of
BS
antenna systems
specifications
BSS topology
dimensioning of
transmission lines
frequency plan
network evolution strategy

Network performance
grade of service (blocking):GOS
outage calculations
interference probabilities
quality observation

RNP Work Flow

Networ
k
Growth

Tuning
Tuning

Mr.Keerati
8 July 2003

System 1
System
Requirements
Requirements

Nominal 2
Nominal
CellPlan
Plan
Cell

Mr. PongSun
Mr. Prasert
Mr. Sunxingde
9-11 July 2003

5
Implementation
Implementation

Survey
Survey

4
System
Design
System Design

Contents for July 8, 2003

AIS-Huawei Cooperation
AIS-Huawei Thailand Network
RNP SOW and Work Flow
Coverage Planning Concept
Capacity Planning Concept
Frequency Planning Concept
Parameter Planning Concept
RNO Concept

Coverage Requirement
Roll-out phases & time schedules
Coverage level requirements

phase 1
CW launch

agree on min. levels for outdoor coverage, eg.

Outdoor Coverage Level: -94dBm RxLev < -83dBm
Incar Coverage Level: -83dBm RxLev < -73dBm
In-door Coverage Level: RxLev -73 dBm

Indoor coverage areas

Operators cell deployment strategies
omni-cells in rural areas?
3-sector cells in urban areas?

rollout
phase 3

rollout
phase 2

Coverage Distance
Achievable cell coverage range depend on:
frequency band (450, 900, 1800 MHz)
surroundings, environment
antenna types
antenna positioning
minimum required signal levels
link budget figures

ERIP Calculation
RxLev = ERIP PASSLOSS
How to Calculate ERIP ?
How to Calculate PASSLOSS ?
Estimating of Coverage Distance

Pass Loss
Loss
due to coverage gaps

Pno_cov

due to interferences

PIf

Total probable coverage area for a cell:

(1- Pno_cov) * (1- PIf)

Full coverage of an area can never be guaranteed !

common values: 90 .. 95% probability
(time and location probabilities)

Radio Propagation Model

Cost 231 HataOkumura for GSM900 (Frequency 150 1000 MHz)
Loss = 69.55 + 26.16 log (f) 13.82 log (Hbts) a (Hms)
+ (44.9 6.55log (Hbts)) log (d) - Lmorpho
Frequency = f (MHz)
Hbts = Height of BTS m
Hms = Height of MS m
Distance between BTS and MS = d (Km)
a (Hms) = (1.1 log(f) 0.7 Hms (1.56 log (f) 0.8)
Lmorpho = Morpho/Landusage Correction factor
0 dB: large city 30 dB: Open area

Cost 231 Hata Okumura for GSM1800 (Frequency 1500 2000 MHz)
Loss = 46.3 + 33.9 log (f) 13.82 log (Hbts) a (Hms)
+ (44.9 6.55log (Hbts)) log (d) - Lmorpho

Can
Canbe
beused
usedto
toestimate
estimatethe
thecoverage
coveragedistance
distance

Coverage Prediction
Coverage Prediction: Network Planning Tool such as ASSET

Digital map

Hexagons and Cell

Ideal

Coverage Estimation

Real

Coverage Prediction

Cell Hierarchies

Umbrella Cell/Macro cell

Micro cell
Pico cell
Satellite Cell

Macro Cell Network

Cost-effective solution
Suitable for covering large areas
large cell ranges
high antenna positions

Cell ranges 2 ..20km

(depends on geography!)

0 km
2-2

Used with low traffic volumes

typically rural areas
road coverage

Commonly use omni directional antennas

use beamed antenna for road coverage

Optimization for coverage

Micro Cell Network

Capacity oriented network
additional capacity by multiple cell coverage

Suitable for areas with high traffic

Mostly used with beamed cells
most cost-efficient solution
best usage of available cell sites

Typical applications
medium towns
suburbs

Typical coverage range: 0,5 .. 2km

Optimization for capacity

0,5 .. 2km

Radio Antenna
Mobile Radio Antennas: Sector antenna

Antennas with both vertical and horizontal HPBW

Disadvantage
More frequency needed per site compared to omni site
More hardware needed
Advantage
Coverage can be focused on special areas
Low coverage of areas of no interest (e.g. forest)
Additional mechanical down tilt possible
Wall mounting possible

Mobile Radio Antennas: Omni directional antenna

Antennas with vertical HPBW
Disadvantage
No mechanical down tilt
Advantage
Large area coverage around the site

Contents for July 8, 2003

AIS-Huawei Cooperation
AIS-Huawei Thailand Network
RNP SOW and Work Flow
Coverage Planning Concept
Capacity Planning Concept
Frequency Planning Concept
Parameter Planning Concept
RNO Concept

Capacity Planning Concept (1)

Grade of Service: Blocking Probability
Offered
Traffic, O

System
(n slots)

Handled
Traffic, T

Rejected
Traffic, R

Handled Traffic, Traffic Capacity: T = O - R

Blocking Probability, Grade of Service(GoS): = R/O

Capacity Planning Concept (2)

Definition of
Erlang:

Unit used to quantify traffic

Traffic Capacity = resources usage duration / total observe duration

Definition of Erlang - B:
Relationship between
Offered Traffic
Number of resources
GOS

Capacity Planning Concept (3)

Erlang B Table:
GOS
N/B
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00

0.01
0.00
0.01
0.09
0.23
0.45
0.73
1.05
1.42
1.83
2.26
2.72
3.21
3.71
4.24
4.78
5.34
5.91
6.50
7.09
7.70
8.32

0.05
0.00
0.03
0.15
0.36
0.65
1.00
1.39
1.83
2.30
2.80
3.33
3.88
4.45
5.03
5.63
6.25
6.88
7.52
8.17
8.83
9.50

0.10
0.00
0.05
0.19
0.44
0.76
1.15
1.58
2.05
2.56
3.09
3.65
4.23
4.83
5.45
6.08
6.72
7.38
8.05
8.72
9.41
10.11

0.50
0.01
0.11
0.35
0.70
1.13
1.62
2.16
2.73
3.33
3.96
4.61
5.28
5.96
6.66
7.38
8.10
8.83
9.58
10.33
11.09
11.86

Pls calculate the capacity of the cell with 1 TRX

1.00
0.01
0.15
0.46
0.87
1.36
1.91
2.50
3.13
3.78
4.46
5.16
5.88
6.61
7.35
8.11
8.88
9.65
10.44
11.23
12.03
12.84

2.00
0.02
0.22
0.60
1.09
1.66
2.28
2.94
3.63
4.35
5.08
5.84
6.62
7.40
8.20
9.01
9.83
10.66
11.49
12.33
13.18
14.04

5.00
0.05
0.38
0.90
1.53
2.22
2.96
3.74
4.54
5.37
6.22
7.08
7.95
8.84
9.73
10.63
11.54
12.46
13.39
14.32
15.25
16.19

Capacity Requirement
Estimate number of subscribers over time
long-term predictions
numbers available from marketing people

Expected traffic load per subscriber

different subscriber segments
expected behavior of user segments

Particular habits of subscribers

e.g. mainly heavy indoor usage
phoning while in traffic jams

Busy hour conditions

time of day
traffic patterns

Capacity Planning
Estimation of traffic expected:
number of subscribers in area
traffic load per subscriber
geographical area to cover
==> traffic per sq.km
==> traffic per cell
==> number of TRX needed per BS

allow extra capacity for roamers and busy hour traffic

Bottleneck of the system shall
not be caused by transmission

Traffic Patterns
Traffic is not evenly spread across the day (or week)
Estimated traffic must be able to cope with peak loads
Busy hour traffic is typically twice that of the average hour
100 %
peak time
off-peak

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24 hr

Demand for Dual Band

This newly introduced architecture allows, together with
dual band mobile, to operate a network in both 900 and
1800 GSM
Why operators demand it?
High interference rate in high traffic areas
Encounter severe problems to deploy and run their network by lack of
allowed frequencies

An occasion to readjust the market, especially DCS1800

operators who will be granted an access to wider area, hence
a wider population

Technically the management of two bands, induces a new

dimension in terms of complexity
Coverage profiles of 900 and 1800 are different (1800
coverage offers a natural limitation)

Contents for July 8, 2003

AIS-Huawei Cooperation
AIS-Huawei Thailand Network
RNP SOW and Work Flow
Coverage Planning Concept
Capacity Planning Concept
Frequency Planning Concept
Parameter Planning Concept
RNO Concept

Frequency Planning Concept (1)

Frequency Resource of GSM System

GSM 900 :

890

915

935

960

Duplex distance : 45 MHz

GSM 1800 :

1710

1785

1805

Duplex distance : 95 MHz

1880

Frequency Planning Concept (2)

Frequency Band Configuration

GSM900:
BTS receiver: f1 (n) =890.2+ (n-1)0.2 MHz
BTS transmitter: f2 (n) =f1 (n) +45 MHz
GSM1800:
BTS receiver: f1 (n) =1710.2 + (n-512) 0.2 MHz
BTS transmitter: f2 (n) =f1 (n) +95 MHz

Frequency Planning Concept (3)

Why we reuse the frequency?
8 MHz = 40 channels * 8 timeslots = 320 users
==> max. 320 simultaneous calls!!!

Limited bandwidth
==> re-use frequencies as often as possible

Interferences are unavoidable

==> minimize total interferences in network

Allocate frequency combination that creates least overall

interference conditions in the network

Use calculated propagation predictions for frequency allocations

Frequency Planning Concept (4)

Target: find solution with minimum interferences in total network

Traditional method
hexagonal cell patterns
regular grid
cluster sizes

frequency re-use distance

D = R *sqrt(3*cluster-size)
D

Do not use this

ancient concept!

Frequency Re-Use
Re-use frequencies as often as possible
increases network capacity
but maybe cause some interferences
f2

Do not use

f3
f5

hexagon cell patterns

systematic frequency allocation

f7

f4
f2

interference matrix calculation

calibrated propagation models
minimize total interference in network

f5

f4

f7

f4
f2

f5

f4
f2

f6

f3
f4

f7

f3

f5

f4
f2

f6
f5

f2

f6

f3

f7

f5

f3

f5

f6

f3

But

f6

f3
f4

Frequency Re-Use
4*3 Frequency Reuse
C1 C2
A1 A2
C3 D1
C1 C2
D2
A3 B1
A1 A2
B2 D3
C3 D1
D2 B3
A3 B1
C1 C2
C1 C2
B2 D3
A1 A2
A1 A2
B3 C1
C3 D1
C3 D1
C2 A3
D2 A3
D2
A1 A2
B1 B2
B1 B2
C3 D1
D3 C1
D3
D2 B3
C2 B3
A3 B1
A1
B2 D3
A2 C3
D1 D2
B3
A3 B1
B2 D3
B3

Frequency Pattern - MRP

BCCH: n1
TCH1: n2
TCH2: n3

TCHm-1: nm
n1 n2n3 n4 ...... nm
And n1+n2+...+nm=n

MRP Allocation
RC type

Allocated
frequencies

BCCH

46~57

Number of
available
frequencies
12

TCH1

58~66

TCH2

67~74

TCH3

75~82

TCH4

83~88

TCH5

89~94

Advantage of MRP
Capacity increases when reuse density is
multiplied:
Supposing there are 300 cells
Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)

Normal 4*3 reuse: reuse density=12

==> network capacity = 40/12 * 300 = 1000 TRX

Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer: re-use =14,
(14 frq.)
Normal TCH layer:
re-use =10,
(20 frq.)
Aggressive TCH layer:re-use = 6,
(6 frq.)
==> Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)* 300 = 1200 TRX

1*3 and 1*1 reuse pattern

BCCH14+TCH36
1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+3TCH

1BCCH+3TCH

1*3

1BCCH+3TCH

1BCCH+12TCH
1*1

1BCCH+12TCH

Illustration of 1*3 TCH Band Allocation

TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7

TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7

TRX8 TRX9... TRX14

TRX8 TRX9... TRX14

TRX15 TRX16...TRX21

TRX15 TRX16...TRX21

The red items are BCCH RCs

Example of 1*3 Frequency Reuse

Suppose 900 band: 96 124
BTS configuration: S3/3/3
BCCH layer: 96 109 Reuse pattern: 4*3
TCH layer: 110 124 Reuse pattern: 1*3

Interference
C/I =
All useful signals
All useless signals
Useful signal

Noise from environment

Other signals

GSM Standard:

carrier
interference

C / I >= 9 dB;
In practical projects, C / I >= 12dB

Signal Quality
Receiving Quality (RXQUAL parameter)
Level of Receiving Quality (0 ... 7)
Bit error rate before decoding and error correction

Good
Fairly good
Acceptable
Intolerable

RXQUAL
class
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Mean BER
(%)
0,14
0,28
0,57
1,13
2,26
4,53
9,05
18,1

BER range
from... to
< 0,2%
0,2 ... 0,4 %
0,4 ... 0,8 %
0,8 ... 1,6 %
1,6 ... 3,2 %
3,2 ... 6,4 %
6,4 ... 12,8 %
> 12,8 %

Contents for July 8, 2003

AIS-Huawei Cooperation
AIS-Huawei Thailand Network
RNP SOW and Work Flow
Coverage Planning Concept
Capacity Planning Concept
Frequency Planning Concept
Parameter Planning Concept
RNO Concept

Related Parameters
Network Identifying parameters:
LAC, BSIC, etc.

System Parameters:
Channel configuration
T3212
radio link time-out settings

Cell Parameters:
frequency allocation plan (frequency hopping)
transmit power
definition of neighbouring cells
cell selection parameters
handover parameters
power control parameters

LAC Setting
LAC3
LAC1
LAC2

Main Street
LAC Border
Macrocell

BSIC Setting
MS receives signals with the same frequency from two
base stations, then MS distinguishes them with BSIC
BSIC = NCC + BCC
NCC used for different network
BCC used for different base station

Adjacent Cell

Purposes of HO and Cell-reselection

To keep a continuous communication for a moving

MS
To improve network service

performance

To reduce the call drop rate

To reduce the congestion rate

Contents for July 8, 2003

AIS-Huawei Cooperation
AIS-Huawei Thailand Network
RNP SOW and Work Flow
Coverage Planning Concept
Capacity Planning Concept
Frequency Planning Concept
Parameter Planning Concept
RNO Concept

RNO Concept
Capacity

Quality

Coverage

Optimize

RNO Flow Chart

Sources of Information for RNO

CUSTOMER
COMPLAINTS

OPTIMIZE

TRAFFIC
STATISTICS

DRIVE
TEST

Thank You