Hospital Administration

- An Overview

the Western world at the

INTRODUCTION
start of the Christian era to
shelter

sick

or

weary

travelers and persons too

poor or ill to be treated at
home,

yet

their

dirty,

INTRODUCTION
The modern hospital is a matrix
organization, an amalgam of social,
architecture and technology.
The
functioning of a hospital has unique
components of its own apart from the
elements of functioning of a business
organization, research laboratory and a
departmental store.The ever increasing
demand from the health care seekers,
technology changes and advancements
have to be judiciously balanced with

Definition of hospital
A

Hospital is a social & medical

organisation, the function of which is to
provide for the population complete health
care, both curative & preventive, & whose
outpatient services reach out to the family
& its home environment; And also acts as
a centre for the training of health workers
& bio-social research.
- WHO

Role of hospital
The

role of hospital is therefore

Preventive
Promotive
Curative
Rehabilitation
Training
Research

Role of Hospitals in Health care

Changing

role- from Care to Cure to Quality

Considered

as an industry and being run like

a business establishment, even in India.

Though

the basic function is patient care, but

the philosophy of the hospital would be the
guiding factor for its management and
administration

Why hospital administration?

The doctors have been playing the dual roles those of administrators and doctors. In the
process, there have been more losses than gains.

Most hospitals are managed by doctors who have

attained the position by virtue of service,
seniority or a specialist from a clinical discipline.

The senior doctors put in charge of hospitals,

run the affairs as their predecessors have been
doing.

Why hospital administration?

They work on the belief that management is

learnt with experience and there is no need for
any special education.

A trained administrator with multidisciplinary

training and knowledge base can ensure the
economic use of resources, standardise hospital
and equipment design, prevent and control
overuse of expensive drugs, collect data for
evaluation of performance (similar line to that of a
corporate production or service unit.)

Why hospital administration?

Hospital

Administration or Management of a
Hospital is a complex and a formidable task
in the present day Health Delivery System
Has a multidisciplinary approach requiring
application of
Public Administration
Behavioral Science
Modern Management Skills
The knowledge and understanding of the
Medical Sciences is a pre-requisite

Peculiarities of Hospital
Administration
The

product of the hospital is a service

which cannot be quantified in any
economic terms

No

objective criteria can be laid down to

evaluate the standard of services provided
in a hospital

Hospital

service
being
highly
personalized, cannot be mechanized,
standardized or pre-planned

Peculiarities of Hospital
Administration
Service

is emergent in nature and no two

situations are alike

Staff

which is a heterogeneous group of

professionals with extremely variegated
educational profile, needs to be handled
differently.

Hospital Administrator?

Executive leader for the management of an

organized group of people engaged for providing
health care by the Hospital.

Not the policy maker but makes decisions, issues

directions and exercises control to ensure that his
decisions are correctly communicated and effectively
implemented

Is expected to utilize, men, money, material at his

disposal to achieve the objectives set by the policy
planners of the hospital

Hospital Administration
Roles and Functions

Management vs. Administration

Management is the act or function of putting into

practice the policies and plans decided upon by the
administration.
Administration is a determinative function, while
management is an executive function.
Administration makes the important decisions of an
enterprise in its entirety, whereas management
makes the decisions within the confines of the
framework, which is set up by the administration.
Administrators are mainly found in government,
military, religious and educational organizations.
Management, on the other hand, is used by business
enterprises.

Manage men - T
Managing Men Tactfully

Management
P

Planning
O Organizing
L Leading
I Implementing
C Controlling
E - Evaluation

Functions of management
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Staffing
Controlling

Planning
specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding
in advance the appropriate actions taken to
achieve those goals
it is the fundamental function of management from
which the other four stem.
Where the organization wants to be in the future
and how to get there

Organizing
Assembling and coordinating the human, financial,
physical, informational, and other resources
needed to achieve goals
The focus is on division , coordination, control of
tasks and the flow of information within the
organization
It is in this function that managers distribute
authority to job holders.

Staffing
is filling and keeping filled with qualified
people all positions in the organization.
Recruiting, hiring, training, evaluating
and compensating are the specific
activities included in the function.

Directing
Influencing

people's
behavior
through
motivation, communication, group dynamics,
leadership and discipline.
The purpose of directing is to channel the
behavior of all personnel to accomplish the
organization's mission and objectives while
simultaneously helping them accomplish their
own career objectives.

Controlling
Monitors progress and implements necessary
changes
Makes sure that goals are met
New technology makes it possible to achieve
more effective controls
It is a process of establishing performance
standards based on the firm's objectives,
measuring and reporting actual performance,
comparing the two, and taking corrective or
preventive action as necessary

Management in a nutshell
Situational

Sensitivity &
Behavioural Flexibility

Management

by walking

Management

by exception

Management Skills
Conceptual Skillthe ability to see the
organization as a whole and the
relationship between its parts.
2. Human SkillThe ability to work with
and through people.
3. Technical SkillMastery of specific
functions and specialized knowledge.
1.

Management Levels
Top-level
managers
Middle
managers
Lower level managers

Level vs. Skills

Level of
management

Technical skills Interpersonal skills Conceptual skills

Management Skills
Top-level managers
strategic planning
overall development and coordination of
organization
long term range of planning

Management Skills
Middle-level managers (tactical managers)
Located between top-level and frontline managers
in the organizational hierarchy
Traditional role was that of an administrative
controller who bridged the gap between higher
and lower levels
Development of their units and coordination
between other same level units
Middle time range of planning

Management Skills
Frontline managers (operational managers)
Lower-level managers who supervise the
operational activities of the organization
Directly involved with non management
employees
Increasingly being called on to be innovative and
entrepreneurial
Short time range of planning

The Roles of Management

Roles

in interaction

Head of an organization
Leader
Center of communication
Communicative

roles

Monitor/surveillance
Information sharer
Spokesperson

The Roles of Management

Roles

in decision making

Entrepreneur
Problem solver
Resource allocator
Negotiator

The Roles of Management

Coordinator
Controlling
-Establishing Standards
-Measuring Performance Against Standards

Direction

& Leadership

-Sharing A Dream
-motivation

CHALLENGES FOR HOSPITAL

ADMINISTRATORS TODAY
Managing

Human Resource
Managing Material & Finances
Managing Expertise
Managing Knowledge
Competition With Corporate
Hospitals
Medical Ethics

Thank You