Gen.

Muhammad Zia-ul-Hag
1977-1985
Enforced Martial Law
for the third time in
the short Pakistani
history
Commissioned in the
British Army in World
War II and served in
Burma, Malaya and
Indonesia

General Zia-ul-Haq
Joined Pakistani army when Pakistan
became independent.
Appointed by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto as Chief
of Army Staff, superseding five senior
Generals.
Carried out a bloodless coup overthrowing
Bhutto's government and enforced Martial
Law in the country.

General Zias Amendments

Zia intervened to remove corrupt Bhutto
constitution.
Sharia incorporated into politics and lawpunishment for crimes
Law amended to give lesser status to
women and minorities

Zias Era
Lifting of martial law (Dec 1985)
Mohammad Khan Junejo-PM and
president of Muslim league-1986
Foreign tours of Junejo
Development Programmes
Ojhri camp
Dismissal of Junijo government
Afghan Jihad-1986
Geneva Accord -1988

Benazir Bhutto
1988-1990; 1993-1996
Educated at Ratcliff
and Oxford
Detained and
imprisoned for
leadership of Pakistan
Peoples Party
Pledged to focus on
health, social welfare
and education

Benazir Bhutto
First woman to head
government of an
Islamic state
Deposed in 1990 by
President Ghulam
Ishaq Khan who
dissolved parliament
to force an election.
Re-elected in 1993
and dismissed three
years later

Benazir Bhutto-First era

First era:
Balochistan assembly
issue
Presidential election1988
Pakistan rejoins
Commenwealth-1989
Foreign Policy
Social Welfare

Benazir Bhutto-Second era

Development
Programmes
For farmers and
women
8th 5 years plan
Foreign visits
KPK government
issue

Nawaz Sharif
1990-1993; 1997-1999,2012-till date
Two non-consecutive
terms as prime
minister
First term: platform of
conservative
government to end
corruption.
Returned to power in
1997, changed the
constitution.

Nawaz Sharif
South Asias first
motorway linked
Lahore and
Islamabad.
Nuclear tests on May
28, 1998, responded
to Indian nuclear
tests
Unpopular after
Kargil War, at the
time Pakistan and
India were
negotiating peace.
Overthrown in 1999,
exiled to Saudi Arabia

Sharif taking oath as P.M. for second time

Nawaz Sharif-First era

Agriculture policy
1990
Privatization
Water agreement
Baitul maal
Foreign policy
National plans
Dismissal of
Government
Sharif taking oath as P.M. for second time

Nawaz Sharif-Second era

Resignation of Sajjad Ali
shah and Farooq Lighari
Rafique Tarrar as
President
Pay of lone scheme
Vote for Pakistani abroad
Census 1998
M2
End of 58-2-b
Nuclear blast and Kargil
Lahore declaration
Army in Wapda

Sharif taking oath as P.M. for second time

GEN.PARVEZ
MUSHARRAF
(1999-2008)

Pervez Musharraf
2001-2008
Became de facto
Head of Government
after bloodless coup
dtat
Supreme Court
ordered elections and
referendum
National Assembly
had plurality in favor
of Musharrafdeadlocked

General Pervez Musharraf

Pervez Musharraf was born on 11 August
1943.
He is a retired four-star general who served
as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth
President of Pakistan as well as tenth
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Committee. Musharraf headed and led an
administrative military government from
October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled
Pakistan as Chief Executive from 1999 to
2001 and as President from 2001 to 2008.
Facing impeachment, he preferred to resign
on 18 August 2008.

Pervez Musharraf
2001-2008
Vote of confidence in 2004 for term
through 2007
Sided with United States against
Taliban
Declared that exiled leaders could
not return for general elections.
Gave use of three air bases to United
States
Serves as both Army Chief and
Austin 2006
President

Musharraf and Bush

2006

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan#Government_and_politics

Austin 2006

Musharraf's takeover
Martial law

12TH OCTOBER 1999

Darkest day for the
democracy of PAKISTAN

REFORMS IN THE ERA OF MUSHARAF

ECONOMICAL REFORMS
Savings and Investments
Human capital development
Agriculture
Dams
Women Empowerment

Savings and investments

1.Gross domestic product
Increased from $60billion to $170 billion
2.Domestic and foreign investements
Increased from $60 billion to $170billion
3.Exports
Tripled form $7billion to $22 billion
4.International trade
Increased from $20 billion to $60 billion

Human capital Development

1.Human developmental index
Pakistan's HDI grew at an average rate of
2.7% per year
2.Education
The budget increased from 500 million to 28
billion
Number of universities increased
3.Health
Life expectancy increased
4.Poverty halved

Some other major reforms:

AGRICULTURE
DAMS
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Kargil Conflict during

Musharraf's reign
Kargil war started in may and July in 1999
This war was between Indian and Pakistani
militant
Pervez Musharraf masterminded kargil conflict
Indian 524 soldiers died .
Pakistan 696 soldiers were died

Musharraf's efforts to resolve

Kashmir Issue :
Musharraf proposed 4 points to resolve the
issue
1.Kashmir will have the same borders but
people will be allowed to move back and forth to
the region
2.The region will have self governance but not
independence
3.Troops will be withdrawn
4.A joint supervision mechanism will be set up
with India, Pakistan and Kashmir represented it

Musharraf support for US War

on Terror

September 2001 Musharraf was asked

by Bush to join "War on terror"
Purpose was to defeat the Talibans in
neighboring Afghanistan.

Emergency by Musharraf
Declared emergency on November 3, 2007.
Lasted until Decmeber 15th 2007.
Constitution of Pakistan was suspended.
Position of President and COAS was uder
Musharraf.
Elections of january were postponed.
Restriction on media.

Lal Masjid Operation

The operation held in July 2007
Operation was between Islamic
fundamentalist militants and
government.
Operation resulted in 154 deaths.

 Musharraf's era was not an ideal but

better then other dictatorship or
democratic eras.