Naturalism

Presented to:Miss Mubashra Khalid

Presented by: Saira Liaqat(S/2014-405)
Shahina Habib(S/2014-1015)
Ruqia Hameed(S/2014-1033)
Quratulann Abid(S/2014-1037)

Introduction
Nature is everything, there is nothing beyond
it
Nature is also termed as materialism
Man should investigate the truth of nature by
scientific methods with all his capacities and
resourcefulness
It doesn't believe in sentimentalism,
spiritualism, and supernaturalism
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Definition of Naturalism
Naturalism is metaphysics
which considers nature as the
whole of reality. It excludes what
is supernatural or the other
world
Hocking

Meaning of Naturalism
It emphasis on the nature in every field of
education
It is a philosophy which considers nature as
everything and denies the existence of any
spirit
It does not believe in existence of God
It gave importance to the matter and the
physical world
4

Principles of Naturalism
Stress on physical environment
Universe is a huge machine. Man is also a
part of this machine
Reality can be truly analyzed by natural
science
The present is the real life, man should try to
make this life happy and comfortable
Education in accordance with the nature of
the child
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Characteristics of Naturalism
Back to nature
Naturalism gives central position to the child in the
educational process
Education prepares the child for his future adult life
Freedom of the child
It gives emphasis on the training of senses as senses are the
gateway of knowledge
Material education
Scientific education

Based on Division of Philosophy

Metaphysics
Epistemology
Axiology

NATURALISM

Based on Division of Philosophy

Naturalism based on Metaphysics

A worldview which holds that there is nothing

but natural elements, principles, and relations

of the kind studied by the natural sciences

deals with existence

rejects the supernatural concepts and

explanations

Based on Division of Philosophy

Naturalism based on Epistemology

According to naturalism, reality and nature are

identical and beyond nature there is no reality.

Then how this theory of reality can be proved

true?

This leads us to the naturalist theory of

knowledge ; by perception, sensory knowledge,

observation.

Based on Division of Philosophy

Naturalism based on Axiology

Lifes values Two general principles

i. General character of values

embedded in nature
ii. The most desirable values realised
in proportion to our harmonizing life
with nature Greatest peace
Pleasure and Satisfaction

Naturalism in Education

Naturalistic
Education

Learner

Curriculum

Teacher

Aims

Naturalism in Education

Learner

Individual is to be given unrestricted

freedom and only then his harmonious

development will take place.
The checks on the child are also to be
natural.
A danger that the child may harm himself
and cause worry to the parents.

Naturalism in Education

Teacher

Extreme naturalists ignore teacher; because

teacher will interfere with the development

of a child.
If the teacher is to be there, let him design
situations which help in the inculcation of
right type of habits in the children.
As a director of activity, the teacher should
not overdo his role or overact his role.

Naturalism in Education

Curriculum

Child centered according to the present and future

needs of the child

Curriculum divided under two stages
i. Earlier stage : Sensory training
ii. Later stage : Subjects are include in
the curriculum through activities and
occupations like physical sciences,
language, mathematics, manual work,
trade, moral education, etc.

Naturalism in Education

Aims
Rousseau says that . . .
education aims at the inner faculties, capacities
and powers of the child
aim of education is not preparation for life, but
participation in it
Each stage through which a child passes has a
specific aim of education

Naturalism in Education
Aims
1st

g
a
t
S

to gain
knowledge
and all the
wants and
needs of a
child are to
be fulfilled

2nd

g
a
t
S

to provide
the child
with the
strength that
the child
lacks of the
ability of
being free

3rd

g
a
t
S

to enable the
child to
acquire
useful
knowledge
which would
satisfy the
childs wants

Naturalism in Education

st

e
g
a
St

nd

g
a
t
S

The aim of education is to

develop the child emotionally
and morally according to the
childs needs.

e
rd

e
g
ta

Merits of Naturalism
1. It gives the child a very important place in the educational
process. It treats a child as child and not as an adult. The child is
good and pure at the terms of birth
2. It considers nature as the best teacher in whose company the
child learns better. Society is full of evils
3. It considers individual interests, aptitude, inclination, needs and
capacities while structuring the curriculum
4. It prepares and encourages the child to engage in
experimentation, discoveries and inventions
5. It motivates the child to acquire more knowledge in the natural
environment
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Demerits of Naturalism
1. Nature centered study makes the child become unsocial with no
feeling of social service
2. Naturalism ignores the spiritual world and considers the material
world only
3. Naturalism lays stress on solutions for only the present needs and
problems of an individual and neglects his future needs and problems.
It has failed to prepare the child for the future life
4. Naturalism advocates unrestricted freedom for the child to develop
himself naturally. This is undesirable and harmful to the child
5. It minimizes the role of the teacher in the educative process. A teacher
is an observer, a sympathetic guide and helper in structuring
experiences for the child

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Conclusion
The contribution of naturalism in significant
in the progressive modern educational thought
and practice. All the modern method of
teaching technique owe their origin to this
school of philosophy

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Thank You !