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Learning Objectives
On completion of this chapter, you will
be able to:
Discuss at least four signs and
symptoms and nursing care of the
client with increased intracranial
pressure
INCREASED INTRACRANIAL
PRESSURE
Pathophysiology and
Etiology
Under normal circumstances, autoregulatory
mechanisms keep brain tissue perfused with
adequate oxygen and glucose.
Dilation or constriction of cerebral blood vessels
in response to changes in blood pressure, blood
oxygen levels, and blood pH maintains constant
and consistent tissue perfusion.
Assessment Findings
Providing
supplemental oxygen or
mechanical ventilation to keep the
SaO2 at 95% and the PaCO2
between 35 and 45 mm Hg prevents
hypoxia.
The clients head is maintained in
midline at 30 of elevation to promote
venous drainage of blood and CSF.
Pharmachologic considerations
Narcotic analgesics depress the
respiratory center and raise CSF
pressure.
Their use is contraindicated in clients
with
head trauma or increased ICP, unless
administration is an absolute
necessity
Nursing Management
NURSING CARE PLAN: The Client With
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Assessment
Gather from client or a witness,
paramedic, or emergency medical
technician the history of
circumstances surrounding the
altered neurologic state. Also gather
past medical history, concurrent
health problems being treated,
current medications, and allergy
history
Thank you