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Compression
Fundamentals
TERMINOLOGY
(Jargon)
Gas Compressor Industry Language
Compression
Terminology
R/Rc =
ratio of compression
Ps/P1 =
suction pressure
Pd/P2 =
discharge pressure
Ts/T1 =
suction temperature
Td/T2 =
discharge temperature
Ta= ambient temperature
Hp
=
horse power
HE
=
head end
CE
=
crank end
VE
=
volumetric efficiency
K = ratio of specific heats of a
gas - a thermal dynamic value
particular natural
Terminology
Ratio of Compression (RC)
RC = Discharge Pressure(Pd)psig + 14.7 = ??? psia
Suction Pressure (Ps)psig + 14.7 = ??? psia
Terminology
Finding Ratio of Compression (RC)
Example 1: Ps = 200 psig, Pd = 600 psig
Rc =
Terminology
Finding Approximate HP Requirement:
To find the HP required for a single
stage unit (example 1):
Approximating HP Formula using
Example #1
HP = 21 x Rc x S x Q
Where:
HP
21
Rc
S
Q
= Horse Power
= Standard (Constant)
= Ratio Of Compression
= # of Stages
= Quantity in MMCFD
Terminology
Finding Approximate HP Requirement:
To find the HP required for a two
stage unit (example 2):
Take the square root of the ratio found earlier:
Rc = 17.71 = 4.20
HP = 21 x Rc x S x Q
HP = 21 X 4.2 X 2 X 1
HP = 176.4
Terminology
SA
DA
Terminology
Clearance Volume = The volume remaining in the compressor
cylinder at the end of the discharge
stroke. Normally expressed as a % of
piston displacement.
Displacement
than
Normally
minute or
Terminology
Capacity
Approach
Terminology
Swept Volume
= The volume swept by the piston during the forward and/or
backward stroke.
= Compressor speed is not a factor.
= Normally expressed in cubic inches and calculated as
follows:
Swept Volume HE = Area of Piston X Stroke in Inches
Swept Volume CE = (Area of Piston - Area of Rod) X Stroke in Inches
Total Swept Volume = (2 X Area of Piston - Area of Rod) X Stroke In Inches
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Terminology
Total Swept Volume Example (DA):
6 Diameter x 7 Stroke
2.5 Piston Rod Diameter
Total Swept Volume = (2 X 28.274 - 4.909) X 7
= (56.548 - 4.909) X 7
= 51.639 X 7
= 361.473 cu. In.
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Terminology
Units of Measure:
PSI
PSIG
PSIA
MMCFD
MMSCFD
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Terminology
In-Hg =
inches of mercury pressure
= can be a manometer or mercury filled
gauge,
used where pressures are low & extreme accuracy is
desired
= 1 Hg = .491 PSI
In-H2O
=
inches of water pressure
= usually a manometer filled with water
= used for measuring very low pressure
= 1/13.6 as heavy as mercury
13.6 of H2O = 1 of Hg = .491 PSI
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Terminology
Temperature:
Temperature =
A measure of molecular energythe higher the temperature
the more molecular energy.
Degrees Fahrenheit (F) =
Temperature scale where, at sea level, the freezing
point of water is 32 & the boiling point is 212. The
distance between these two points is 180.
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Terminology
Temperature:
Degrees Centigrade or Celsius (C) =
A scale used worldwide which relates to the metric
system. At sea level, the freezing point of pure water is
0 & the boiling point is 100. The distance between
these two points is 100.
Temperature range:
Centigrade =
100 =
Fahrenheit =
180 =
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Terminology
Temperature:
Convert 100 F to C
C
= 5/9 X (100 - 32)
= 5/9 X 68
= 37.8 C
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Terminology
Inline
Configuration
Horizontal Opposed
Configuration
Configuration
Separable Engine
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Terminology
Click
Here
Separable
Compressor Frame
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Terminology
Compressor
Engine
Separables Coupled
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Left Bank
1L
Right Bank
Sheave
1R
LH
3
2L
2R
2
3L
3R
1
4L
RH
4R
Flywheel
5L
5R
Flywheel
INTEGRAL ENGINECOMPRESSORS
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The internal rod load is often noted as the internal gas rod load of a reciprocating
compressor and the terms are synonymous. The IRL is a dynamic rod load
calculation based upon the internal gas pressures within the cylinder bore. These
gas pressures take into account the dynamic pressure drop characteristics found
across the valves and gas passages. The IRL is calculated through 360 rotation
of the crankshaft with the highest values being used.
The net rod load is considered a dynamic rod load rating. The NRL is the sum of
the IRL calculation and the inertia loads of the reciprocating weights. The NRL is
calculated through 360 rotation of the crankshaft with the highest values being
used.
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ERL Compression
Area of piston in square inches times discharge
pressure, minus area of piston, minus area of rod
times suction pressure.
Pd=814.7 PSIA
=
=
=
=
2.5
Ps=214.7 PSIA
28.274
23,035
23.035
18,019
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ERL Tension
Area of piston in square inches, minus area of rod
times discharge pressure, minus area of the piston
times suction pressure.
Ps=214.7 PSIA
=
=
=
=
2.5
Pd=814.7 PSIA
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Oil
Crank Pin
Crosshead Pin
Piston Rod
Crosshead
Connecting Rod
Oil
Rod Reversal
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Any
Questions?
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