THIRD EDITION

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.

Chapter 19, part A

The Kidneys

PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by

Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

About this Chapter

Anatomy of the excretory system

How the kidney is organized
How the nephron works to filter blood, recycle,
secrete, and excrete
How filtration is regulated
Urination reflex

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Kidney Functions: Overview

Homeostatic regulation: ECF volume, osmolarity,

ion & pH balance
Excretion: Metabolic wastes & foreign molecules
Regulating hormones & enzymes

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Kidney Functions: Overview

Figure 19-3: The excretion of a substance depends on the amount that was filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Excretory System: Anatomy Review

Kidney
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
Nephrons
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-1: Anatomy Summary: The Urinary System

Nephron Functions: Overview

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion & excretion

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Nephron Functions: Overview

Figure 19-2: Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Glomerulus & Bowman's Capsule: Blood Filtration

Capillaries
Podocytes
Mesanglial cells
Bulk flow
Solutes
Water
(Few proteins)
(Not cells)
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Glomerulus & Bowman's Capsule: Blood Filtration

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-4: Structure of the renal corpuscle

Glomerular Flow Rate (GFR)

Capillary
Hydrostatic
pressure
Colloidal
Capsule pressure
Back pressure
Net Filtration p
GFR 180L/day
(about 1% is
excreted)
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-6: Filtration pressure in the renal corpuscle

Glomerular Flow Rate (GFR)

Figure 19-5: The filtration fraction

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Regulation of GFR
Autoregulation
Myogenic stretch
Tubuloglomerularfeedback
Macula densa
J G cells
ANS-Sympathetic
Arteriole vasoconstriction
Hormones/paracrines
Angiotensin II
Prostaglandins
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Regulation of GFR

Figure 19-9: The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings