Dual Mode Horn Antenna with Tapered Discontinuity for Low Cross Polarization

A WIDEBAND DUAL MODE HORN
ANTENNA WITH TAPERED

DISCONTUNIUTY
Prepared By:
Guided By:
Shweta K. Gohil
Prof. Usha Neelakantan
Enroll No:130280705008
HOD (EC Department)
L.D. Engg. College, Ahmadabad

Gujarat Technological University
ABSTRACT
To design a dual mode horn antenna with tapered discontinuity
for C-band to achieve Low Cross Polarization Level, Low Side

Lobe Level and Beam Symmetry.
Designing is carried out in software named HFSS (High
Frequency Structure Simulator)
An Attempt is to make more efficient compact antenna which
will be useful for feeds in Reflector Antennas.
Conical horn antenna: single & Dual Mode Overview

Conical
horn
Circular
waveguide
Pure mode
-simple conical
-Different E Plane & H Plane
-No Beam symmetry
-Only TE11 mode
- No Pattern symmetry
-reflection efficiency is not
more
With step
discontinuity
Dual
mode
With
tapered
discontinuit
y
Dual mode horn antenna: Introduction
OBJECTIVE
To review previous literature on dual mode conical horn
antenna to understand the progress achieved in this field

Using HFSS for dual mode conical antenna designing
To find the optimum results and apply the best result for better
improvement
To make an antenna to be efficient for feeds in reflector
antennas.
Literature survey
1.
P.D.POTTER (1963) - New Horn antenna with suppressed side lobes

and equal beam widths
2.
E.R.NAGAELBERG and J.SHEFER (1966) Mode Conversion in

Circular Waveguides.
3.
SERGEI P. SKOBELEV, BON-JUN KU, ALEXANDER V. SHISHLOV,

and DO-SEOB AHN (2001) Optimum Geometry and Performance of
dual mode horn modification.
4.
ERIK LIER (1986) Cross Polarization from Dual Mode Horn

Antennas.
Literature survey: P.D.Potter [1]

Title: New Horn antenna with suppressed side lobes and equal beam widths
Overview:
Complete beam width equalization for all plane,
side lobe suppression in electric plane without affecting the magnetic field.
This technique was named as dual mode conical horn
Utilizes a conical horn excited at throat region in both the dominant mode
TE11 and higher order modes TM11

Mode generation was shown which uses the step discontinuity with TE 11
and TM11 modes.

The unwanted modes TM01, TE21, and TE01 modes are not excited because
of symmetry in mode generator and horn.

Mode Generation

45 PLANE
H - PLANE
E - PLANE
Radiation pattern of dual mode
Literature survey: E.R.Nagaelberg and J.Shefer [2]

Title: Mode Conversion in Circular Waveguides.
Overview:
When iris placed across the waveguide or abrupt change in guide radius will
produce a wide range of mode conversion which can be used in most dual mode
feed horn applications.
Conversion configuration must provide controlled mode conversion over useful
band of frequencies.
The mode conversion from TE11 to TM11 may be accomplished by introducing a
circularly symmetric perturbation into section of circular waveguide.
Preceding the horn throat, they showed that the aperture diameter is much larger
than the cut off diameter for TM11 mode, so that at the aperture the guide
wavelengths of both the modes are approximately equal to free space wavelength.
Step-iris combination provides a means for making fine adjustment of mode
conversion above the value provided by step alone.

Introducing
Suitable
discontinuity
Conducting
surface
Direction of
propagation
Controlled mode
conversion
Horn And Mode Converter Discontinuity

Circularly
symmetric
perturbation
s
Three Types Of Mode Converter

Title: Mode Conversion in Circular Waveguides .
Mode Conversion At Iris
Mode Conversion At step
Literature survey: S.P. Skobelev, Bon-Jun ku, A V.

Shishlov, and Do-Seob Ahn [3]
Title:optimum geometry and performance of dual mode horn modification
Overview:
Which represents reference data on optimum dimension of indicated modification as
well as radiation characteristics corresponding to optimum geometry.

Optimization obtains minimum cross polar level with reduced side lobe level in E
plane.
reduces difference between beam widths in principle plane.
Optimum horn length increases as practically linear functions of aperture radius.
Calculation of horn characteristics has been performed by using stepped
representation of conical section.

The Geometry Of
Horn
The Stepped Representation Of

Horn

Maximum cross polar

level in frequency band of
Horn with b0 = 0.65
And
Optimum parameters
Literature survey: ERIK LIER [4]

Title: Cross Polarization from Dual Mode Horn Antennas.
Overview:
In this paper, theoretical and experimental analysis of cross polarization has been represented.
When flare angle becomes larger than certain threshold angle, cross side lobes increases
rapidly.
They derived formula for threshold angle.
Every axial symmetrical discontinuity in radial direction will act as such a transducer .
It is presented the propagation of the modes from TE11 to TM11 and is calculated the cross
polarization from the horn.

It is identified that maximum bandwidth will be limited by frequency dependent parameter.
Higher order modes will also be caused in the horn throat, thus reducing the frequency
bandwidth as well.

Dual Mode Horn

Transducers
Dielectric tube
Simple Design
Exact Calculation difficult
Ring
Coupling Co-efficient
Special Broadband
Step
Ratio of electrical field
intensities ETM and ETE

Bandwidth will be limited
by frequency dependent
parameter.
Theoretical
value
of
minimum cross polar (-34
dB)
Experimental values of cross
polarization found were -40
dB, -25 dB & -30 dB
Calculated Cross Polarization Versus From

Dual Mode Horn Antennas With Normalized
Horn Length
HFSS: Introduction
High-performance Full-wave Electromagnetic (EM) Field Simulator.
It Integrates
simulation,
visualization,
solid modeling
Automation
It Calculates parameters like
Resonant Frequency,
Fields
S Parameters
With help of an interactive simulation system whose basic mesh element is
a tetrahedron, it allows to solve any arbitrary 3D geometry, especially those
with complex curves and shapes.
HFSS: Introduction
Screenshot of HFSS
HFSS: Procedure to Design
HFSS: Procedure to Design

As discussed the input waveguide should support
only the dominant mode (TE11).Therefore the input

radius can be obtain as per c =
The second radius of the horn should be decided such
that both dominant TE11 and higher order TM11can

propagate through the horn with proper amplitude and
phase. Therefore aperture radius
c =
HFSS: Dual Mode Conical Horn Antenna Design
HFSS: Excitation in Antenna Design
HFSS: Dual Mode Conical Horn Antenna Design

Dual mode conical horn designed in the software at C band (4-8GHz) with
different frequencies was observed on rectangular plot of radiation pattern
Frequenc
y
(GHz)
Taper Radius Radius

angle
of
of
wavegu aperture
(degree ide :
:
s)
(TE11 +
(only
TE11)
TM11)
Co-Polar
Component
(dB)
Cross
Polar
(dB)
Beam
Symmetry
(dB)
4.05
15
2.819
4.87
11.9
-21.2
38
4.35
13
3.27
4.71
12.69
-23.97
32
4.55
18
3.57
4.54
11.88
-32.08
104
4.80
15
3.00
4.27
12.505
-21.05
24
5.25
11
2.42
3.76
12.5
19.33
24
5.30
18
2.73
3.76
11.01
21.08
34
5.80
20
2.09
3.46
12.373
-19.6
40
5.90
18
2.11
3.50
12.84
-20.68
44
6.0
15
2.2
3.50
13.10
20.07
21
3.5
18
3.57
4.5
10.75
-30.15
168
Table
shows
the
results of
cross
polar
and
Co-polar
ization
HFSS: Radiation Pattern in Rectangular Plot
Relative Power
Co-polarized antenna pattern
X-polarized patttern
Azimuth Angle

Ansoft
Name LLC X
20.00 0.0000
m1
m2
XY Plot 1
HFSSDesign1
12.6931
ANSOFT
Curve Info
-30.0000 -11.2887
m3
m3
10.00 -16.0000 10.9310
dB(GainL3X)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='4.35GHz' Phi='0deg'
m1
-0.00
dB(GainL3X)
-10.00
dB(GainL3X)
m2
dB(GainL3Y)
-20.00
-40.00
dB(GainL3Y)
Y1
-30.00
dB(GainL3Y)
-50.00
-60.00
-70.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
Theta [deg]
Cross polar level -23.91 dB down
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00

Ansoft
Name LLC X
XY Plot 1
20.00 0.0000 12.5054

m1
m2
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
Curve Info
-30.0000 -8.5482
dB(GainL3X)
m3 m1
m3
10.00 -12.0000 11.3858
dB(GainL3X)
-0.00
dB(GainL3X)
m2
-10.00
dB(GainL3Y)
-20.00
-40.00
dB(GainL3Y)
Y1
-30.00
dB(GainL3Y)
-50.00
-60.00
-70.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
Theta [deg]
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00

Ansoft
Name LLC X
XY Plot 6
12.50 0.0000 10.7528

m1
m2
-80.0000 -19.4181
m3
-84.0000 -10.4786
HFSSDesign1
m1
ANSOFT
Curve Info
dB(GainL3X)
0.00
dB(GainL3X)
m3
dB(GainL3X)
-12.50
m2
dB(GainL3Y)
-25.00
Y1
dB(GainL3Y)
-37.50
dB(GainL3Y)
-50.00
-62.50
-75.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
Theta [deg]
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00

Ansoft
Name LLC X
XY Plot 1
20.00 0.0000 13.1054

m1
m2
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
Curve Info
-34.0000 -8.9793
m3 m1
m3
10.00 -10.0000 12.5810
dB(GainTotal)
Freq='6GHz' Phi='0deg'
-0.00
dB(GainTotal)
dB(GainTotal)
m2
-10.00
dB(GainL3X)
-20.00
-40.00
dB(GainL3X)
-50.00
dB(GainL3Y)
Y1
-30.00
dB(GainL3X)
dB(GainL3Y)
-60.00
-70.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
Theta [deg]
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
Conclusion
The literature review of the dual mode horn antenna has been
done.
I have studied how to work on HFSS software
Designing of conical horn antenna in linear profile have been
implemented in HFSS
The results obtained are satisfactory, but More work on finding
the other parameters which makes this antenna more efficient
will be carried out in future.
Low Cross Polarization Component at C- band which makes
that antenna suitable for satellite applications like frequency reuse.
Future work
My future work be designing an antenna with other profiles
like hyperbolic profile etc.

I Will try to improve bandwidth more efficiently
I Will measure other parameters of the designed antenna.
References
[1] P. D. Potter, A New Horn Antenna with Suppressed Side lobes and Equal Beam
widths, Microwave Journal, p. 71-78;June, 1963

[2] E. R. Nagelberg & J. Shefer, Mode conversion in circular waveguides The bell
system technical journal; september,1965
[3] Sergei P. Skobelev, Bon-jun Ku, Alexander V. SHISHLOV, And DO-SEOB
AHN, optimum geometry and performance of dual mode horn modification.IEEE
Antenna and propagation magazine, feb 2001.
[4] ERIK LIER, Cross Polarization from Dual Mode Horn Antennas, IEEE
transactions on antenna and propagation, Jan 1986.
[5] LINGZHEN ZENG, CHARLES L. BENETTE, DAVID T. CHUSS, AND
EDWARD J. WOLLACK,A Low Cross Polarization Smooth Walled Horn with
Improved Bandwidth.
[6] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd Ed. (New York: John
Wiley & Sons, 1996).
[7] S. Silver, Microwave Antenna Theory and Design, McGraw-Hill Book Company,
Inc., New York, 1949.
Thank You

Dual Mode Horn Antenna with Tapered Discontinuity for Low Cross Polarization

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A WIDEBAND DUAL MODE HORN

ANTENNA WITH TAPERED

L.D. Engg. College, Ahmadabad

for C-band to achieve Low Cross Polarization Level, Low Side

Conical horn antenna: single & Dual Mode Overview

Dual mode horn antenna: Introduction

antenna to understand the progress achieved in this field

P.D.POTTER (1963) - New Horn antenna with suppressed side lobes

E.R.NAGAELBERG and J.SHEFER (1966) Mode Conversion in

SERGEI P. SKOBELEV, BON-JUN KU, ALEXANDER V. SHISHLOV,

ERIK LIER (1986) Cross Polarization from Dual Mode Horn

Literature survey: P.D.Potter [1]

TE11 and higher order modes TM11

and TM11 modes.

of symmetry in mode generator and horn.

Literature survey: P.D.Potter [1]

Literature survey: P.D.Potter [1]

Literature survey: E.R.Nagaelberg and J.Shefer [2]

Conversion configuration must provide controlled mode conversion over useful

circularly symmetric perturbation into section of circular waveguide.

Step-iris combination provides a means for making fine adjustment of mode

conversion above the value provided by step alone.

Literature survey: E.R.Nagaelberg and J.Shefer [2]

Horn And Mode Converter Discontinuity

Literature survey: E.R.Nagaelberg and J.Shefer [2]

Three Types Of Mode Converter

Literature survey: E.R.Nagaelberg and J.Shefer [2]

Mode Conversion At Iris

Mode Conversion At step

Literature survey: S.P. Skobelev, Bon-Jun ku, A V.

well as radiation characteristics corresponding to optimum geometry.

representation of conical section.

Literature survey: S.P. Skobelev, Bon-Jun ku, A V.

The Stepped Representation Of

Literature survey: S.P. Skobelev, Bon-Jun ku, A V.

Maximum cross polar

Literature survey: ERIK LIER [4]

polarization from the horn.

Literature survey: ERIK LIER [4]

Dual Mode Horn

Literature survey: ERIK LIER [4]

Calculated Cross Polarization Versus From

HFSS: Procedure to Design

HFSS: Procedure to Design

only the dominant mode (TE11).Therefore the input

that both dominant TE11 and higher order TM11can

HFSS: Dual Mode Conical Horn Antenna Design

HFSS: Excitation in Antenna Design

HFSS: Dual Mode Conical Horn Antenna Design

Taper Radius Radius

Co-polarized antenna pattern

HFSS: Radiation Pattern in Rectangular Plot

Cross polar level -23.91 dB down

HFSS: Radiation Pattern in Rectangular Plot

20.00 0.0000 12.5054

Cross polar level -21.04 dB down

HFSS: Radiation Pattern in Rectangular Plot

12.50 0.0000 10.7528

Cross polar level -30.06 dB down

HFSS: Radiation Pattern in Rectangular Plot

20.00 0.0000 13.1054

Cross polar level -22.0 dB down

like hyperbolic profile etc.