DRILLING MACHINE

Drilling Machines
Probably first mechanical device
developed
Principle of rotating tool to make
hole
One of most common and useful
machines in industry
Come in several types and sizes
From hand-fed to computer-controlled
38-2

DRILLING MACHINE

Use:- Drilling machine is used to drill blind and through

holes in work pieces.

Motor

Bench Drilling Machine

Bench Drilling Machine:- The simplest

type of sensitive drilling machine is
shown in figure. This is used for light duty
drilling work. This machine is capable to
drill hole up to 12.5mm diameter.
1. Motor:- An electric motor supplies the
required driving force to stepped pulley.

Feed
Handle

2. Column:- Column is the main

cylindrical part of drill machine on which
the other components are mounted.
3. Feed handle:- Handle is provided to
feed the drill in to the work piece. A rake
and pinion mechanism is provided to drive
the chuck.

Column
Base

4. Base:- Base is the bottom part of

machine in which the column is fitted
upright.

Belt
Guard

Chuck

Work
Table

5. Work Table:- Work pieces are

mounted and held in position by the
table. This table can be tilted for
drilling at an angle.
6. Chuck:- Chuck is provided to hold
the drill of different sizes up to 6.5
mm. Drill size of more than 6.5 mm
are to be fitted directly in the Morse
taper of spindle.
7. Belt guard:- Belt guard is provided
to cover the belt and pulley drive
mechanism to minimize the hazard of
accident.

Pillar Drilling Machine:- This is an enlarged version of the

bench drilling machine. These drilling machines are mounted
on the floor and driven by more powerful electric motors.
They are used for heavy duty work.

Hand drilling machine

Sensitive drilling
machine

Sensitive type

Upright pillar drilling

machine

Radial drilling machine

Drill spindle assembly

Upright drilling machine

parts

Drilling machine mechanism

Work holding device of drilling

machine

T-bolt,goose neck clamp,u

-clamp

Finger clamp,adjustable step

clamp,plain vice

Universal vice,step block,vblock

Angle plate & drill jig

Tool holding device

Drill Chucks
Most common devices used for
holding straight-shank cutting
tools
Most contain three jaws that move
simultaneously when outer sleeve
turned
Hold straight shank of cutting tool
securely

Two common types

39-29

Key

Chucks
Hold straight-shank drills
Mounted on drill press spindle
Taper
Threads

Held in spindle by self-holding

taper in larger machines
Four types of drill chucks
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39-30required for reproduction or display.
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Types of Drill Chucks

Key-type
Most common
Three jaws move simultaneously
when outer sleeve turned
Tighten with key

Keyless
Chuck loosened or tightened by
hand without key

Precision keyless
Holds smaller drills accurately
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
39-31required for reproduction or display.
Permission

Types of Drill Chucks

Jacobs impact keyless chuck
Hold small or large drills
accurately using
Rubber-Flex
collets
Gripped or released
quickly and easily by
means of built-in
impact device in chuck
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
39-32required for reproduction or display.
Permission

Drill Sleeves and Sockets

Drill Sleeves
Used to adapt cutting
tool shank to machine
spindle if taper on tool is
smaller than tapered hole in spindle

Drill Socket
Used when hole in spindle of drill press
to small for taper shank of drill
Used also as
extension sockets
39-33
Copyright
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.

Drill Drift
Used to remove tapered-shank
drills or accessories from drill press
spindle
Always place rounded edge up so
this edge will bear against round
slot in spindle
Use hammer to tap drill drift and
loosen tapered drill shank
Use board or piece of masonite to
protect table

39-34

Drill sleeve & drill socket

Quick changer chulk

Floating holder

Tapping attachment

Type of operation

Counter boring and spot

facing

Standard Operations
Drilling
Operation of producing hole by
removing metal from solid mass
using twist drill

Countersinking
Operation of producing tapered
or cone-shaped enlargement
to end of hole
38-42
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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.

Standard Operations
Reaming
Operation of sizing and producing
smooth, round hole from previously
drilled or bored hole

Boring
Truing and enlarging hole by
means of single-point cutting tool
38-43
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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.

Standard Operations
Tapping
Cutting internal threads in hole
with cutting tool called tap

Counterboring
Enlarging top of previously
drilled hole to given depth
to provide square shoulder for
head of bolt or capscrew
38-44
Copyright
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.

Standard Operations
Spot Facing
Smoothing and squaring surface
around hole to provide seat for
head of cap screw or nut
Boring bar fitted with
double-edged cutting
tool
Pilot section on end
to fit into existing hole
38-45
Copyright
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.

Objectives
Counterbore and countersink
holes
Select and use the proper tap to
thread a hole in a drill press
Use three methods to transfer
hole locations
44-46

Counterboring
Operation of enlarging end of hole
that has been drilled previously
Depth slightly greater than head of
bolt, cap screw or pin it is to
accommodate

Supplied in variety of styles

Each have pilot in end to keep tool in
line with hole
44-47

Some interchangeable pilots to suit

variety of holes

Procedure to
Counterbore a Hole
1. Set up and fasten work securely
2. Drill proper size of hole in workpiece to suit
body of pin or screw
3. Mount correct size of counterbore in drill
press
4. Set drill press speed to approximately onequarter that used for drilling
5. Bring counterbore close to work to see that
the pilot turns freely in drilled hole
6. Start machine, apply cutting fluid and
counterbore
44-48

Countersinking
Process of enlarging top end of
hole to shape of cone to
accommodate conical-shaped
heads of fasteners
Head will be flush with or below
surface

Countersinks available with various

included angles
44-49

60, 82, 90, 100, 110, and 120

Countersinking
82 countersink used to enlarge
top of hole so it will accommodate
a flat-head machine screw
Holes to be threaded
countersunk slightly
larger than tap diameter
Speed is approximately
1/4th of drilling speed
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
44-50required for reproduction or display.
Permission

Tapping
Performed by hand or under
power with tapping attachment
Done immediately after drilling
operation
Hand taps
In sets containing taper, plug,
bottoming tap

Machine taps
44-51

Designed to withstand torque

Set of Hand Taps

Taper
Plug

Bottoming
44-52
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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.

Types of Machine Taps

Gun
Stub-flute

Spiral-flute
44-53
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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.

Procedure to Tap a Hole by Hand

in a Drill Press
1. Mount work on parallels with
center-punch mark on work in line
with spindle and clamp work
securely to drill press table
2. Adjust drill press table height so
drill may be removed after hole
has been drilled without moving
table or work
3. Center drill hole location

44-54

Tapping Attachment
Mounted in a drill press spindle to
rotate tap by power
Built-in friction clutch that drives tap
clockwise when drill press spindle fed
downward
Reversing mechanism to back tap out
of hole

Two- , three-fluted machine or gun

taps used for power
Ability to clear chips

Tapping speed ranges from 60

44-55

Countersunk tool

Trepanning tool

Drilling thread master

Drilling is the process of cutting holes in

metals by using a drilling machine

Drills are the tools used to cut away fine shavings of material as the drill
advances in a rotational motion through the material

Twist Drills

The twist drill is made from High Speed

Steel, tempered to give maximum
hardness throughout the parallel cutting
portion.
Flutes are incorporated to carry away the
chips of metal and the outside surface is
relieved to produce a cutting edge along the
leading side of each flute.

Drill Features
The point of the drill is
ground to an angle of 59
degrees to the centre
line to give two equal
cutting edges, and each
side is ground back to
give " relief " of about 12
degrees to each cutting
edge.

Drill Features

It is very important that

drill points are central
and that the lip
angles are equal
.and that the cutting edges are
unchipped and the clearance angle
correct.

Whetting (sharpening)
of Drill

To achieve
accuracy of
drilling, the
drill bit must
be sharp. The
bigger drills
can be
whetted
(sharpened)
using a bench

Drill Operating
Parameters
It is essential to
select the correct
cutting speed and
the feed speed.
Refer to drill tables for correct
drill bit RPM and feed speed.

Special Type of Drill

Counterbore Drill
Used to form a flat, or
cylindrical recess to
accommodate the
head of the bolt. It is
also used to provide a
level base on the
rough surfaces for
nuts and washers.

Special Type of Drill

Countersink Drill
Used to form a
conical shaped
recess to enable a
countersunk screw
or bolt to fit flush
with the surface of
the work.

How to Use a
Drill

Various drill bits

from less than 1
mm diameter to
more than 40 mm
diameter are
available.
However, the chuck
of the general
drilling machines
can use only shaft
sizes of less than
13 mm diameter
(up to ).

How to Use a
Drill

However, for
larger drills
and milling
machines, drill
bits are
designed with
a "Morse"
taper.

How to Use a
Drill
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

Twist drill must be clamped in the drill chuck tightly

The workpiece to be drilled must be firmly secured
by vice, or clamps.
Use the correct drilling speed and apply suitable
drilling force It is advisable to release the drill
occasionally, lift the drill, and clear the hole of
cutting.
Apply cutting fluid in the cutting except for drilling
Cast iron.
Take care, when the drill is nearly penetrated
through the workpiece.
The "screw in" action can lift up the workpiece.

Safety First
Always wear safety
glasses!

Do not wear gloves while drilling

DO NOT wear
gloves, jewelry,
neckties, or loose
clothing when
operating the drill
press

Drill material
The two most common types are
1. HSS drill
- Low cost
2. Carbide- tipped drills
- high production and in CNC machines
Other types are
Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills,
carbide coated masonry drills, parabolic
drills, split point drill

Safety
Do not support the work piece by hand use
work holding device.
Use brush to clean the chip
No adjustments while the machine is
operating
Ensure for the cutting tools running straight
before starting the operation.
Never place tools on the drilling table
Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes.
Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work
piece.

QUESTIONS
What are the types of Drilling machine ?
What are the pare of Bency type drilling machine?

CONCLUSION
Thus, we get the knowledge of Drilling
machine.