Deviance

Any behavior that violates social norms,

and is usually of sufficient severity to
warrant disapproval from the majority of
society.

Different Association and

opportunity theories
According to Edward Sutherland deviance
is learned the same way as normative
behaviors through a different
association. He created the theory to
explain the reasons why people commit
crime.

The nine basic tenet of his

theory

Criminal behavior is
learned behavior

The nine basic tenet of his

theory

Criminal behavior is
learned by
interacting w/ other
people by
communicating with
words and gestures.

The nine basic tenet of his

theory

The main portion of

learning the criminal
behavior happens
among small groups
of people.

The nine basic tenet of his

theory

Learning about crime

includes learning the
techniques of committing a
crime, as well as learning
the motivation and
attitudes towards crime.
Legal codes demonstrate
what is good or bad and
provide a motivate for
crimes.

The nine basic tenet of his

theory

A person becomes
criminal because of
frequent criminal patterns.

The differential association

theory can differ in
frequency, duration, priority
and intensity.

The nine basic tenet of his

theory

The learning of criminal

behavior by association is
similar to all types of
learning.

Criminal and non-criminal

behavior is an expression
of the same needs and
values.

Mafia

Label Theory
-

Labeling theory was created by Howard Becker

in 1963. it takes the view that people become
criminals when labeled as such and when they
accept the label as a personal identity.
According to labeling theory, society tends to
react to a rule-breaking act by labeling it as
deviant.
Deviance is not something that a person does
but merely a label imposed on that behavior.

Two types of deviance (acc.

to labeling theory):

Primary deviance
Initial violation of a social
norm about no inference
is made regarding a
persons character.

Secondary
deviance
when a person
repeatedly violates a
social norms, which
leads others to make
assumptions about
that person assign a
label to him or her.

 Stigma

A powerfully
negative label
that greatly
changes a
persons selfconcept and
social identity.

 Retrospective and
InterpretingLabeling
Projective
someone's
past in light of
some present
deviance.

 Projective Labeling

is using a
deviant identity
to predict
future action.

Function of Deviance
1. Deviance Serves us an outlet for diverse form of
expression.
2) Deviance serves to define the limits of
acceptable behavior.
3) Deviance may also promote in-large
solidarity.
4) Deviance can serve as a barometer of
social strain.

Social Control Deviance

Social control refers to the efforts of a
group or society to regulate the behavior
of its members in conformity with
established norms.
Social control involves the application of
systematic behavioral restraints
intended to motivate people to obey
social expectations.

Two types of
deviance:
1)

Informal sanctions

a. Social gossips, intrigues,

ostracism,
alienation
b. Psychological low self-esteem
c. Spiritual remorse of conscience

Two types of
deviance:

2) Formal sanctions
a. Administrative warning,
suspension, termination,
expulsion
b. Civil indemnity (payment for
damages)
c. Criminal incarceration
(imprisonment)