CHILD AND ADOLESCENT

DEVELOPMENT

CHILDHOOD

EARLY CHILDHOOD
EARLY CHILDHOOD CONTINUES
APPROXIMATELY THROUGH YEARS
SEVEN TO EIGHT

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Begins at around age seven or
eight approximating primary
school AGE and ends around
PUBERTY

ADOLESCENCE
Transition PERIOD from
CHILDHOOD DEPENDENCE to
ADULTHOOD DEPENDENCE

DEVELOPMENT
A SERIES OF CONTINOUS
CHANGE IN A SYSTEM OVER
CONSIDERABLE TIME

MATURATION
Is process of change of an
individual which primarily
occurs as a function of AGING
or Time

PRINCIPLES OF
DEVELOPMENT
1. Development follows an orderly
SEQUENCE as a seen in
PHYLOGENETIC SKILLS
. CEPHALOCAUDAL TREND
development is from Head to FOOT
direction
. PROXIMODISTAL TREND
development starts at the CENTER of
the BODY GOING OUTWARDS.

2. The rate of development is unique

to each individual,
HERIDITY, ENVIRONMENT - LIMITATION

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
STAGES OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

1.JEAN PIAGET
SCHEMA stock knowledge,
prior knowledge

JEAN PIAGET
STAGE 1
SENSORI MOTOR STAGE
BIRTH - INFANCY , BIRTH TO 2 years old
DIFFERENTIATE SELF FROM OBJECTS
RECOGNIZES SELF AS AGENT OF
CHANGE/ACTION and begins to act
intentionally:
e.g. PULLS A STRING TO SET MOBILE IN
MOTION OR SHAKES A RATTLE TO MAKE A
NOISE
ACHIEVES: object permanence realizes that
things continue to exist even when no longer
present to the sense.

 STAGE 2
PRE OPERATIONAL STAGE
2 7 yrs. old PRE SCHOOL YEARS
Learns to use language and to present
object by image and words
THINKING IS STILL EGOCENTRIC or Self
centered has difficulty taking the
viewpoint of others
CENTRATION is the ability to focus on one
feature or characteristic
e.g. GROUPS Together all the red blocks
regardless of shape or all the square
blocks regardless of color.

 STAGE 3
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
8 11 years old
Can think logically about objects and
events
Achieves CONSERVATION the ability to
classifies objects according to several
features and can order them in series
along a single dimension such as size.
Can classify, seriate, order things

 STAGE 4
FORMAL OPERATIONS STAGE
12 15 years old
Can Think logically about abstract
propositions and test hypotheses
systematically
Becomes concerned with the
hypothetical, the future, and
ideological problems.

LEV VYGOTSKY
SOCIO CULTURAL THEORY
CENTRAL FACTORS
1. SOCIAL INTERACTION
2. LANGUAGE serves as a social
function but it also helps the learner
regulate and reflect on his own
thinking.
3. ZONE OF ACTUAL DEVELOPMENT
the child perform at a certain level
of competency
Ex. SCAFFOLDING

SCAFFOLDING the difference what

the child accomplish a task he cannot
accomplish independently
4. ZONE of PROXIAL DEVELOPMENT
the difference what the child can
accomplish on his own and what he
can accomplish with the guidance of
another