Community Based

Adaptation
Dr. Edna Wangui
Department of Geography
(African Studies, Women Gender and Sexuality
Studies)

Housekeeping
Slides will be posted at the end of
the week
Readings are on blackboard how
communities adapt
Kenya drought
Peru extreme weather
Bangladesh - flooding

The Climate Commitment

Based on carbon dioxide already
released, we are committed to a
warmer climate
How much warmer?
How do we mitigate the impact?
How will we adapt?

This week
Impact on communities
What communities are doing about it
Adaptation
Mitigation

Group Activity
In groups of 3-4 list identify the top
three impacts of climate change
Think about why these are your top three

Impacts
Discussed last week
Extreme weather events (droughts, floods,
hurricanes, etc)
Arctic, Antarctica, Greenland polar ice caps
Sea level rise

More this week focus on communities

Permafrost
Mountain glaciers
Sea level rise example
Many more we cant discuss in detail

Permafrost

Permafrost
Alaska and Siberia
melting
Release of methane is a
serious concern
2 minute clip

Mountain Glaciers

1921
2009
Himalayas

Sea level rise

Not because of melting
sea ice!!!
Because of thermal
expansion of water
Because of melting
continental ice
Salinity changes and
thermohaline circulation
change (deep ocean
circulation system driven by
temp and salinity)

http://thebritishgeographer.weebly.com/sea-level- 4 mins
change.html
What is the impact of sea level rise on this community?

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/carteret-islands/ March 16 2016

Ecosystems
Marine ecosystems
Plankton
Coral bleaching
Acidification

Terrestrial ecosystems
Species who can move northwards or
upwards

Crop yields fall in tropics, rise in

temperate zones (North America, Russia)

Impacts on Society

Food security
Regional impacts
Land use and human settlements
Freshwater supplies
Planning uncertainty
Human health
Is the impact on people the same for
everyone (are some more vulnerable
than others)?

Impacts and Vulnerability

What is climate justice?
Vulnerability to climate change - the
degree to which geophysical,
biological and socio-economic
systems are susceptible to, and
unable to cope with, adverse impacts
of climate change
Cope with mitigation; adaptation

Mitigation and Adaptation

Goal of both is to reduce impact of climate change on
humans and environment
Mitigation strategic anthropogenic intervention to remove
greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or reduce emissions
Adaptation Adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their
effects.
Planned or spontaneous
Ex-ante (in anticipation), Ex-post (in response to)

Activity: Same groups as before: list five examples adaptation

efforts

Vulnerability-Impacts Continuum

http://www.wri.org/publication/weathering-storm

Addressing uncertainty in adaptation

Source: World Bank (2013); adapted from Fssel 2007 and UNDP Adaptation Policy Framework (APF)

Climate Resilient Development vs.

Maladaptation

National Adaptation Programmes of Action

(NAPAs) as Climate Policy

Sokoine University
of Agriculture

Center for Energy,

Environment,
Science &
Technology

Hubert Meena

Ohio University

Dr. Pantaleo
Munishi

Dr. Thomas
Smucker

U of Florida

Michigan State University

Dr. Charles Bwenge

Dr. Nathan Moore

Independent
Scholars

Dr. Adolfo
Mascarenhas

Dr. Gaurav Sinha

Dr. Ben Wisner

Dr. Jennifer Olson

Dr. Edna Wangui

U of Kansas

Dr. Margaret
Pearce

University of Dar es Salaam

Dr. Salome B.
Misana

Dr. Joviter K.
Katabaro

Investigators & Senior

U of Connecticut

Dr. Daniel Weiner

Ohio University
Eric Lovell

Solomon Maingi

Pronoy Rai
Pronoy Rai

Abubakari Munna

Scolar Ponera

Elisante Misana

Joyce Muthoni

Kgosietsile
Velempini

Kyle Clem

Samantha Jones

Samuel Miller

Christopher
Redmond

Sokoine University
of Agriculture

A students not pictured: Lucas Kwihega, Charles Richard, Ashley Doria

Student Researchers and Project

From Dr. Fogt note precipitation in East Africa

LKCCAP Study Sites

Complex of climate-development
challenges
Rank # 2
No Rain
Farmer-Herder
conflict
Corruption

Emangulai A Men

Emangulai A Women

Rank # 2
Drought (low river discharge),
lack of irrigation infrastructure,
farmer-herder conflict, poor

Vulnerability-Impacts Continuum

http://www.wri.org/publication/weathering-storm

Extreme Climatic Events Timeline:

Emangulai A

EMANGULAI A Extreme Climatic Events Timeline

ADAPTATION PRIORITIES

Rank (1=most
important)

Adaptation

Score
(1=very few
people,
5=almost
everyone)

Irrigation
Improved farming

Herding and farming

Education

Investment groups

Cash crop farming

Transport
Cell phone

3
3

Gendered Perceptions
Irrigation
Cell phones

Transportation

Cash cropping

Improved farming

Herding+Farming

Education
Investment groups

Men
Women

From Dr. Fogt Mitigation

Mitigation: developing strategies to reduce
climate change impacts

Geoengineering
Alternate energy
Green technologies
Reduction in emissions (policy)

Very politically and economically driven!

Is mitigating climate at a national level through
policy cost effective and necessary?
What level of uncertainty is acceptable, given the
economic impact climate mitigation would have?

Kyoto Protocol

Mitigation Terminology

Climate neutral doing

business in a way that
results in an overall net
climate impact of zero
Carbon neutral doing
business in a way that
results in overall net
carbon emissions of zero

http://issuu.com/sustainableou/docs/ohio_university_cap_draft?

Mitigation Four Steps

Make a plan set a measurable goal
(e.g. become climate neutral by Fall
2075 OU CAP)
Prepare a greenhouse gas inventory
what are your sources of
greenhouse gas emissions?
Reduce emissions
Offset emissions that remain

Stabilization Wedges (Socolow &

Pacala)

Avert 8 billion tons of carbon

per year for fifty years
15 possible wedges
Needs multiple approaches
Needs contributions from
different institutions