ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

COURSE: OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

A Presentation on:
PIPELINE EXTERNAL CORROSION- CP AND PIPELINE EXTERNAL COATINGS

GROUP MEMBERS:
KANU DAVID OLUEBUBE
LILIAN NDOMA-EGBA
CHRISTIAN BASSILOUA
EMMANUEL FRANCIS
FAITH ISTHIFANUSI
ETUK UBON-INYANG
ACHESE DANIEL
8/31/16

OUTLINE
Introduction
Means of Protection.
History- Cathodic Protection
Applications
Problems
Conclusion
Reference

8/31/16

INTRODUCTION
PIPELINE EXTERNAL

CORROSION
Corrosion can be defined as a
deterioration of a metal, due to
chemical or electrochemical
interactions between the metal
and its environment.
The unprotected/unburied
pipelines, exposed to the
atmosphere or submerged in
water are susceptible to
corrosion in external pipe
surfaces, and without proper
control / maintenance may
1
3 corrode.
E.g steel pipelines

8/31/16

MEANS OF PROTECTION
Cathodic Protection

Use of Pipeline External Coatings

8/31/16

1. CATHODIC PROTECTION

HISTORY

first described by Sir Humphry Davy in a series of papers

presented to the Royal Society in London in 1824.

Sacrificial anodes made from iron attached to the
copper sheath of the hull below the waterline
dramatically reduced the corrosion rate of the copper.
Davy was assisted by his pupil Michael Faraday, who
continued his research after Davy's death. In 1834,
Faraday discovered the quantitative connection between
corrosion weight loss and electric current and thus laid
the foundation for the future application of cathodic
protection.
Thomas Edison experimented with impressed current
cathodic protection on ships in 1890, but was
unsuccessful due to the lack of a suitable current source
8/31/16
5 and1 anode materials.

CATHODIC PROTECTION
Is a technique used to control the corrosion of

a metal surface by making it the cathode of an

electrochemical cell.
It involves connecting the metal to be

protected to a more easily corroded "sacrificial

metal" to act as the anode(which undergoes
corrosion instead of parent metal).
Common applications are: steel water or fuel
6

pipelines and steel storage tanks such as home

1
water
heaters; ship and boat hulls; offshore8/31/16
oil

TYPES OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

a) Galvanic Cathodic Protection(GCP)
b) Impressed Current Cathodic Protection(ICCP)

a). Galvanic Cathodic Protection

Galvanic
Sacrificial
anodes
fitted to
hull of ship
8/31/16

GALVANIC CATHODIC PROTECTION

Involves passive cathodic protection.
A galvanic anode(piece of a more electrochemically "active"

metal), is attached to the vulnerable metal surface where it is

exposed to an electrolyte.
Galvanic anodes are selected because they have a more "active"
voltage than the metal of the target structure (typically steel).
For effective cathodic protection, the Esteel surface is polarized
(pushed) more negative until the surface has a uniform potential.
Galvanic anode continues to corrode, consuming the anode
material until eventually it must be replaced. Polarization of the
target structure = Electron flow from the anode to the cathode.
Galvanic or sacrificial anodes are made in various shapes and

sizes using alloys of zinc, magnesium and aluminium.

NOTE- In order for galvanic cathodic protection to work, the
anode must possess a lower (that is, more negative) electrode
potential than that of the cathode
8

8/31/16

GCP

8/31/16

IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC

PROTECTION(ICCP)
Used in large structures for long-

term operations where electrolyte

resistivity is high, galvanic anodes
cannot economically deliver enough
current to provide protection.
An impressed current is applied in
the opposite direction to nullify the
corrosion current, converting
corroding metal from anode to
cathode.
Impressed current is from a DC
source(battery or rectifier), routed
to AC line with insoluble
anode(Graphite, scrap iron,high
silica iron, platinum etc).
10

8/31/16

PIPELINE EXTERNAL COATINGS

Oldest common form for corrosion controls.
Use of coated surface to isolate the underlying metal from

corroding environment.
Highly efficient at reducing the current demand for cathodic
protection. However, they are not feasible for supplying
sufficient electrical current to protect a bare pipeline.
Coatings must have good adhesion to the pipe surface to
resist disbondment and degradation by biological organisms,
which abound in seawater.
Examples include: Tape wrap;
Asphalt;
Coal tar enamel;
Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE);
Cigarette wrap polyethylene (PE);
Extruded thermoplastic PE and polypropylene (PP).
1
8/31/16

11

APPLICATIONS
CP and ICCP are used in :
Pipelines
Ships and boats
Marine
Steel in concrete

12

8/31/16

PROBLEMS
Production of
Hydrogen Ion

Cathodic
Disbonding

CP AND
ICCP

Cathodic
Shielding
13

8/31/16

CONCLUSION
Oil and gas products are transported from subsea wells

to platforms in multiphase flow without using a

separation process. Corrosion, scale formation, and
salt accumulation represent increasing challenges for
the operation of subsea multiphase pipelines.
Cathodic Protection and use of external coatings, aid in
the protection as well as reduction of effect of
corrosion.
Cathodic Protection are of two types: GCP and ICCP.
Some of the applications are used for pipelines, ships
and boats, marine etc.
Proper application of the use of cathodic protection
and pipeline coatings can go a long way in enhancing
the long term use of a metal.
14

8/31/16

REFERENCES
Web links:
https://

15

www.itcglobal.org/pipeline-coating-inspecto
r
http://www.mtgree.com/news/html/?
430.html
https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_protection
https://
en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=pip
eline+corrosion&title=Special:Search&go
1 =Go&searchToken=cbfmcnqeyxk6vyp5hjmheq5
8/31/16
ok

THANK

YOU!!!
16

8/31/16