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Intra-arterial thrombolysis should be given in stroke centres with the appropriate level of experience
In patients who fulfil the criteria for iv thrombolysis this should be given ASAP.
Potential indications for i.a. rather than iv or in addition to iv thrombolysis include:
high-resolution angiography system (Toshiba CAS 500) with a matrix of 1024x1024 pixels
5.5 F-JB2 catheter (Valavanis) was inserted into the femoral artery for 4-vessel angiography
LIT using a microcatheter, mostly a Fast Tracker 18 (Target Therapeutics) through the 5.5-F JB2 catheter, which was
navigated into the occluded MCA
Thrombolytic agent
Urokinase (Urokinase HS Medac) in a mean dose of 863 000 IU (range 20,000 to 1,250,000 IU)
[or alteplase 50% of standard iv dose (not in above papers, pers comm. 2004)]
Technique
In patients occlusion due to soft thrombotic material, mechanical disruption of the clot was performed in addition using a
very flexible hydrophilic guidewire catheter (Silver Speed MTI 0.008 or 0.010 inch). The tip of the guidewire was formed
in a J shape to avoid perforation of the vessel walls. Penetration and fragmentation of the thrombus was achieved by
gently advancing and rotating the convex border of the J-shaped guidewire (n=8).
In 2 patients without recanalization after injection of 1 000 000-IU urokinase a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
was performed using a FasStealth balloon dilatation catheter (Target Therapeutics) with a balloon diameter of 2.00 mm
(n=2)
Documentation of outcome
control angiography immediately after thombolysis [TIMI grade 0; minimal recanalization, TIMI grade 1; partial
recanalization, TIMI grade 2; complete recanalization, TIMI grade 3].
Aftercare
heparin in a dose doubling the activated thromboplastin time immediately after LIT before IST n=18), after IST change to
250-500 mg aspirin (n=82) iv immediately after LIT and then daily po/iv instead of heparin.
pts treated on neurological intensive care ward. Standard protocols for ward care and follow-up
GA or sedation?
General anaesthesia (GA)
Patient does not retch
Airway secure
Head stable and access better
Sedation
Faster time to treatment
Avoids complications of GA
Thrombectomy
Karolinska Stroke Update meeting in November 2010
The consensus statement
There is still a controversy whether mechanical removal of thrombus should be used routinely or
only within trials.
Large artery occlusion is associated with a high morbidity and mortality if left untreated
Mechanical thrombectomy achieves higher recanalization rates compared to historical controls
with or without intravenous rt-PA
The odds for favourable outcome in general are significantly increased with early vessel
recanalization
Due to the lack of evidence of randomized control trials for clinical efficacy, mechanical
thrombectomy should not be used in clinical routine
However, in selected patients (e.g. with indication for iv-treatment but also contraindication),
endovascular approaches may be considered as part of a institutional protocol
If treatment is done outside a RCT, data should be included in a multicenter registry including
assessment of three months outcome
Future prospective randomized controlled trials of endovascular treatment should also evaluate
the impact of sedation modality on safety of the intervention, technical success, time to
recanalization, and clinical outcome
For full statement http://www.strokeupdate.org/Cons_Thrombectomy_2010.aspx