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Subjects
a) phonologysounds
b) morphologythe shape of words and
affixes
c) syntaxthe ways words are combined into
larger structures including sentences
d) semanticsmeaning
e) pragmaticslanguage in a social context
f) discoursechunks of language larger than
a sentence
"subject" + "predicate"
The grammatical subject = the
conversational subject i.e., the person or
thing that the sentence is about.
The predicate often makes a comment about
that subject, i.e., it "predicates (Stated or
asserted; predicated)
English = subject dominant language
VP
V
Children love
NP
animals
Children
love animals
noun +
modifiers
proper
name
Jane Smith
Chicago George Washington
Lassie Maxine
the Mississippi River
pronouns
anaphoric reference
Natalie bought a new car. It is a red
convertible.
empty it (expletive it)
It is hot!
It's foggy in Seattle.
It is cold in Alaska.
It was smoky in that restaurant
Agent subject
floor
Causer subject
furniture.
Experiencer subject
car.
Patient subject
Our pipes froze last night.
The chair broke.
Described subject That hairdo is hideous.
The room grew dark.
Located subject
Marlene is in the yard.
Terry was on the boat.
Anaphoric it Here is the book. I is by
T.S.Eliot
Empty it
Cataphoric it
It is cold outside.
It is sad that Juliet can't date Rome