Frequency band strategy options

2G/3G/4G/5G achievable throughput

Band impact on coverage areas

FREQUENCY BAND STRATEGY

Tera Byte/day

Evolution from CS to IP dominated

environment in radio interface
Data volume evolution
Example typical Europen market impact of flat data rate
pricing and high data rates:
change in two years time frame for network traffic
voice traffic is converted to data volume with 16kbps.
voice traffic has increased from 4.4 to 5.0 TB/day and data
traffic has increased from zero to 50TB /day

Subscribers per technology

Million

Same might happen 2012-2014

in Eurasia with HSPA+,
impact on networks ?

7000 6000 5000 -

Wimax
LTE
HSPA
GSM
CDMA

4000 3000 -

Expected global subscribers growth for wide

area radio technologies, According to
Informa Telecoms & Media

2000 1000 0 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Radio Technologies: Peak Data Rates per Cell

WiMax evolution

20MHz bandwidth

Downlink

128Mbps

150Mbps 150Mbps
300Mbps UE cat 5

Rel 8
Rel 9
50Mbps 50Mbps

Uplink
Rel 5

Rel 6

Rel 7

3.6Mbps 7.2Mbps 14Mbps 21-28Mbps

Uplink

384kbps 1.45Mbps 5.8Mbps 11.5Mbps

64QAM or MIMO

5MHz bandwidth

1000Mbps
Rel 10
??Mbps

Rel 8

Rel 9

Rel 10

42Mbps

84Mbps

168Mbps

DC-HSDPA
+MIMO

4-carrier
+MIMO

DC-HSDPA

11.5Mbps 23Mbps

16QAM or MIMO

Uplink

100MHz bandwidth

Phase1 40MHz

75Mbps UE cat 5

Downlink

Downlink

??Mbps

20MHz bandwidth

Downlink

EDGE evolution

Rel 2

56Mbps

LTE evolution

UMTS evolution

1000Mbps

Rel 1

Uplink

100MHz bandwidth

237kbps 296kbps
Multislot
and DTM

237kbps 237kbps

592kbps
Dual carrier

237kbps

46Mbps

DC-HSUPA

10MHz bandwidth
1.2Mbps
RedHot
118kbps/TSL

474kbps
HUGE

20MHz bandwidth

1.9Mbps
16TSL

947kbps
8TSL

Max based on specs

Cell Capacity with Normally Loaded Network

Cell capacity (per 5MHz or 10MHz with DC)

Mbps

Ncell HSPA+ trial results

RLC
Throughput DL Avg.

S.
N

Test

1 ZTE Lab test

ZTE - live network
2
(KAT801)
Huawei - live network
4 3 (POK707)

Avg.
No of No of
RSCP
Code Threa
Remarks
Ec/No (dBm
Max
s
ds
)
(Mbps Average (dB)
)
(Mbps)
20.3
19.1
-12.6 -50.1 15
10 No users
Busy hour of
10.4
7.9
-12.0 -70.4 14
1
Network
Off busy hour of
12.6
3.8
-6.7 -49.8 14
10
Network

HSPA Evolution from release 7 to 10

HSPA multicarrier evolution

HSPA multiband evolution

Release 7: SC-HSPA
UE can recive and transmit on single 5MHz carrier
1x5MHz

Release 7: SC-HSPA
UE can recive and transmit on single band
1x5MHz

1x5MHz

900 MHz
Uplink

2100 MHz
Uplink

Downlink

Release 8-9 : DC-HSPA

UE can recive and transmit on two adjacent 5MHz carrier
2x5MHz
2x5MHz

Downlink

Release 8: DC-HSPA
UE can receive on two bands
1x5MHz
900 MHz

Uplink

Uplink

Downlink

Downlink

HSPA NOTE: Dual Carrier (DC) solution with HSPA looks

HSPA NOTE:
Dual
(DC)improvement
solution with is
HSPA
looksover
attractive
because
theCarrier
data rate
available
attractive
because
the
data
rate
improvement
is
available
the whole cell area equally while MIMO improves the dataover
rates
the whole
areaNode
equally
mostly
closecell
to the
B. while MIMO improves the data rates
mostly
close totends
the Node
B.
Also
DC HSDPA
to be easier
to upgrade the network since it
Also
HSDPA tends
to be
easierpower
to upgrade
the network
since it
can
beDC
implemented
single
10MHz
amplifier
per sector
can MIMO
be implemented
single
10MHzpower
poweramplifier
amplifier per sector
while
requires two
separate
while MIMO requires two separate power amplifier

Downlink

1x5MHz

1x5MHz

Uplink

Downlink

Release 10: 4C-HSPA

UE can recive on two bands up to four carriers
1x5MHz
2x5MHz 3x5MHz
900 MHz

Uplink

Uplink

2100 MHz

Downlink

Release 10: 3C or 4C-HSPA

UE can recive and transmit on four adjacent 5MHz carrier
2x5MHz
4x5MHz

1x5MHz

2100 MHz

Uplink

1
2
3
4

carrier
carriers
carriers
carriers

Downlink

Uplink

Downlink

Without MIMO With MIMO

21 Mbps
42 Mbps
42 Mbps
84 Mbps
63 Mbps
126 Mbps
84 Mbps
168 Mbps

LTE advance carrier aggregation with Release 10

Spectrum aggregation

First stage Advance LTE support 40MHz bandwidth and later on potentially upgraded to
100MHz.
How to find 100MHz bandwidth for LTE future needs ?

Spectrum Allocation and Re-farming Overview

LTE 3.3GHz 3.3-3.4GHz TDD 100MHz
LTE 3.5GHz 3.4-3. 8GHz FDD 90+90MHz
Advance-LTE

LTE 2600MHz (city capacity)

TDD 50MHz
FDD 70MHz

LTE 2600

TDD 100MHz

TDD-LTE / WiMax 2300GHz, 2.3-2.4GHz

Advance-LTE

3G/HSPA 2100MHz (city capacity)

GSM 1800MHz
GSM 900

GSM 1800MHz

FDD 60MHz

3G/HSPA

GSM 1800MHz

FDD 75MHz

LTE 1800MHz (city coverage)

LTE 1800MHz

GSM 900MHz

GSM 900MHz

FDD 35MHz

3G/HSPA 900MHz (country coverage)

3G/HSPA 900MHz

800MHz
CDMA 800MHz CDMA
LTE 800

FDD 30MHz

LTE 800MHz (country coverage in Europe)

LTE 700MHz (country coverage in APAC/US)

CDMA 450MHz (450-470MHz)
2010

2011

2012

2013

FDD 45MHz

LTE 450MHz
2014

2015

2016

FDD 5MHz
2017

Year

Coverage

Coverage vs Frequency

Okumura-Hata assumed
>3 x more sites
required at 2 GHz
than at 1 GHz
1.5 x more sites
required at 2.5 GHz
than at 2 GHz

2 x more sites
required at 3.5 GHz
than at 2.5 GHz

Link Budgets WCDMA900/2100 and GSM900/1800

1

10

10
5

3
8

4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

WCDMA UE Class 3 = 24 dBm assumed

BTS antenna gain 18 dBi in UMTS band 16 dBi in 900 band. If we allow larger antenna size, 18 dBi is feasible also
in 900 MHz.
3 dB relaxed WCDMA UE sensitivity in 900 band compared to UMTS band
2-3 dB interference margin assumed for WCDMA, no margin in GSM
MHA assumed for all cases
3 dB body loss assumed for all cases including data
GSM BTS sensitivity 115.6 dBm assumes latest products
Downlink data rate 128 kbps assumed for WCDMA. It corresponds to 500-1000 kbps with HSDPA.
RF combiner assumed in GSM with 4 dB loss in downlink
CPICHRefRABOffset = 0 dB. Max power per link assumed 50% x BTS max
10

Cell Range
Downlink: 1 Mbps Uplink: 64 kbps
10 x more sites
required than
with HSPA2100

Assumptions:
Suburban area
50 m BTS antenna
15 dB indoor loss
95% location probability
Correction factor -5 dB
1.5 m terminal antenna heigh

Cell Area in Suburban Indoor Coverage

Cell area increases 2.8x
from UMTS2100 to
UMTS900 = 65% reduction
in cell sites
data coverage is similar
to GSM900 coverage

12

UMTS900 Practical Coverage

Assumptions for Next Slide
BTS output power
GSM tx 45 dBm
WCDMA max tx 46 dBm

Typical outdoor
GSM900 signal >-80 dBm

Indoor
10-20 dB loss
GSM900 signal -90..-100
dBm
GSM900 voice coverage edge
GSM900 signal = -105 dBm

UMTS/HSPA 900 Indoor Provides >1 Mbps

Dedicated HSDPA Carrier, Single User, 7.2 Mbps equalizer UE, 3dB
interference

>1 Mbps indoors

with HSPA900

+60%
+130%

14

CDMA to GSM/WCDMA Migration

EGPRS-2 high 1.2Mbps data rates with GSM
UMTS coverage strategy: GSM900 re-farming to UMTS900
LTE coverage strategy: GSM1800 re-farming to LTE1800

ASSIGNMENT:
BAND STRATEGY
15

Co-existence of UMTS900 + GSM900 in 10 MHz

WCDMA/HSPA can be deployed with less than 5 MHz

GSM with AMR with 5.6 MHz allows for 4+4+4

4.2 MHz is enough for WCDMA/HSPA when deployed together with GSM assuming. The implies 2.2
MHz carrier separation between WCDMA and GSM. It is feasible with the following assumption:
A) GSM and UMTS share the same sites
B) closest GSM carrier is non-BCCH
3GPP assumes 2.8 MHz carrier separation which is required with uncoordinated GSM and WCDMA
deployment

BCCH reuse = 12 12*0.2 = 2.4 MHz spectrum

Hopping carriers effective frequency load of 20% 3*0.2/20% = 3 MHz spectrum
Total 5.4 MHz spectrum

GSM with non-AMR with 5.6 MHz allows for 2+2+2

BCCH reuse = 15 15*0.2 = 3 MHz spectrum

Hopping carriers effective frequency load of 8% 1*0.2/8% = 2.6 MHz spectrum
Total 5.6 MHz spectrum

Total = 9.8 MHz

2.8 MHz
= WCDMA/HSPA
= Non-BCCH GSM
= BCCH GSM

4.2 MHz
WCDMA/HSPA

2.2 MHz
16

2.8 MHz

Capacity with UMTS900 + GSM/EDGE900

Assume
GSM EFR case 4 TSL allocated for EDGE, each slot carrying 30 kbps with EDGE
GSM AMR case 1 full TRX allocated for GPRS/EDGE, each slot carrying 30 kbps with EDGE
1 GSM EFR TRX carries 7 voice calls and AMR TRX carries 10 voice calls with AMR half-rate
UMTS carrier is split 50/50 between circuit switched voice and HSPA packet data

Outcome
GSM without AMR can provide just 10 voice channels, which may be a limiting factor during re-farming
GSM with AMR can provide 30 voice channels, which is large enough for most rural cases to enable re-farming
UMTS brings 2 x voice capacity and >5 x data capacity on top of GSM AMR
50% of UMTS carrier can provide 160 GB data per site per month assuming busy hour carries 20% of daily traffic
50% of UMTS carrier can provide 800.000 min per site per month assuming busy hour carries 15% of daily traffic

1 Mbps per sector

= 160 GB per site
per month

30 voice channels per

sector = 800.000 minutes
per site per month

GSM AMR helps to

enable UMTS refarming
17

Notes on UMTS900 Capacity

GSM 2+2+2 or GSM 4+4+4 voice capacity may be large
enough for rural areas
UMTS900 could also improve voice service
A) more voice minutes with higher capacity
B) better voice quality with WB-AMR
C) VoIP
UMTS900 would provide new services, like video, and
higher bit rate data with HSPA

18

Multi-Operator Allocation in 900 MHz

900 MHz could support 4 operators if the spectrum is divided nicely
Three GSM+UMTS operators each with 2 x 10 MHz
One UMTS only operator

Operator 1

Operator 2

Operator 3

GSM UMTS GSM GSM UMTS GSM GSM UMTS GSM

35 MHz

19

Operator 4
UMTS

LTE Spectrum Flexibility and Comparison to HSPA

Most probably 1st terminal belongs to category 2, 3 and 4

6 RB (1.1 MHz)
100 RB (18 MHz)

Each RB = 180 KHz

Coordinated case LTE and GSM locating same site.

Uncoordinated separate sites.
Uncoordinated case causes larger power
differences between the systems and leads to larger
guard band requirement.

* Source: LTE for UMTS,

Harri Holma, page 246

Coordinated case values are based on the GSM UE

emission to LTE BTS edge RBs and uncoordinated
values on GSM UE emission to the LTE UE
blocking requirements (dead zones around GSM
sites).
Channel bandwidth [MHz]

1.4MHz

3MHz

5MHz

10MHz

15MHz

20MHz

Number of Resource Blocks

15

25

50

75

100

LTE Cell DL Throughput [Mbps]

64QAM MIMO 2x2 **

9Mbps

22Mbps

37Mbps

73Mbps

110Mbps

150Mbps

42Mbps
(MIMO)

42Mbps (DC)
84Mbps
(DC+MIMO Rel 9)

Comparison HSPA Cell DL

Throughput [Mbps]

20

168Mbps
(DC+MIMO
Rel 10)

Understanding Impact of Spectrum Allocation

LTE 20-100MHz, 3G/HSPA 10-20MHz, GSM 8-20MHz
CASE: Ncell example GSM/EDGE/HSPA 900 & 3G 2.1G & GSM/EDGE1800
CASE: Ncell example GSM/EDGE/LTE 1800 & GSM/HSPA 900 & LTE2600/700
CASE: CDMA800/850 &1900 migration to GSM/WCDMA
CASE: Regulator perspective, how to redefine band allocatoin between Operators for
CDMA, GSM, 3G/HSPA, LTE

21