Congruence

Created By Lianto Atmodjo

Objectives:
Students will learn and apply geometric concepts
Identify congruent figures and corresponding parts
Prove that two triangles are congruent

Created By Lianto Atmodjo

Identifying congruent figures

Two geometric figures are congruent if they
have exactly the same size and shape.
NOT CONGRUENT
CONGRUENT

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The 4 Triangle
Congruence Theorems
Dont be
an ASS!

SAS

ASA

SSS
Unless youre
right...

Created By Lianto Atmodjo

ASS
RHS
4

Example

Draw two
non-congruent
triangles with angles
of 30 and 90.

30

30

Why arent these

triangles congruent?

This leads us to our first theorem of congruent triangles

Created By Lianto Atmodjo

Type 1 :
Side-Angle-Side (SAS)

Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the

included angle of one triangle are congruent to
two corresponding sides and included angle of the
other triangle.
12 cm

10 c

65

65

10 cm
Created By Lianto Atmodjo

12 c

Type 2 :
Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)

Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the

included side of one triangle are congruent to two
corresponding angles and included side of the other
triangle.

85

cm

Created By Lianto Atmodjo

cm

65

85

65

Type 3 :
Side-Side-Side (SSS)
Two triangles are congruent if all three sides of
one triangle are congruent to three sides of the
other triangle.

14

cm

8 cm

12 cm

8c

14 cm

m
12 c

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AAS (Angle, Angle, Side)

Special case of ASA
If two angles and a non-included
side of one triangle are congruent to
two angles and the corresponding
C
non-included side of another
triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
The third pair of angles must be
congruent, so its considered ASA F

A
X

C = F, A = D, AB = DE, then the 2 triangles are congruent.

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Type 4 : RHS (Right Angle, Hypotenuse,

Side)

If both triangles have a right angle,

both hypotenuses are congruent,
C
and another pair of sides are
congruent, then the triangles are
D
congruent.
A = D = 90
F
CB = FE
AB = DE
.. then the triangles are congruent.
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10

Properties of
Reflexive
Every is to itself (ABC
ABC).
Symmetric
If ABC PQR, then PQR
ABC.
Transitive
If ABC PQR & PQR
XYZ, then ABC XYZ.

B
C
P

Q
R
X
Y

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11

Triangles
B

Corresponding angles
A = P
B = Q
C = R

Corresponding Sides
AB = PQ
BC = QR
CA = RP

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12

3rd angles theorem

(Teorema sudut ketiga)

If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles

of another triangle, then the third angles are congruent
(Jika dua sudut pada kedua segitiga besarnya sama, maka sudut yang
ketiga pada kedua segitiga tentunya sama besar juga)
D
A

If A = D and B =E then C =F
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13

 AMT CDN.

Identify all pairs of congruent corresponding

angles and corresponding sides.
A

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AM = ..
MT = ..
TA = ..
M = .
T = .
A = .

14

Ex 1 : Find x

22o

87o
)

))
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(4x+15)o
15

Answer :

22+87+4x+15=180
4x+15=71
4x=56
x=14

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16

Ex 2 :
ABCD is to HGFE, find x and y.
C

9 cm

(5y-12)

91

113

4x-3=9

5y-12=113

4x=12

5y=125

x=3

y=25

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4x 3 cm

86

17

Ex 3 :
Congruent, Similar or Neither ?
65 o

63

1,8 35 o
cm

27

80

4 cm

1
6

35o

8,4

9,6
20

3 cm

12,6

140

3,1

2
9

2,8

3c

1,8 cm

140

4,2

20
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18

Ex 4 :
Given P=N= 92o.
Prove: RQP MQN
R
Q

92o

92o
P
M
Ans : Statements
Reasons
1. P= N=92o
1. Diberikan pada soal
2. RQP= MQN 2. Sudut bertolak belakang
3. R= M
3. Teorema sudut ketiga
4. PQ=NQ
4. Ada pada soal
Maka berlaku type A-S-A (Angle-Side-Angle)
Jadi : RQP MQN
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19

Ex 5 :
Given the markings on the diagram, is the pair of
triangles congruent by one of the congruency theorems
in this lesson?
A
Ans : Yes, by SSS
BC ( ABC)= BC ( BCD)
AB ( ABC) = ( BCD)
.. ( ABC)= ( BCD)
C
B
D

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20

Ex 6 :
Given the markings on the diagram, is the pair of
triangles congruent by one of the congruency
theorems in this lesson?
A

No, ASS does not

guarantee congruence

C
D

B
E

The angle must be

between the congruent
sides

F
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21

Ex 7 :
ABC XYZ. Solve each equality
A
7c
m

80

13
c

60

Z
m

40
(4y-9) cm

A=.=.
B=.=.
C=.=.
Then :
AB = ..

BC = ..
AC = ..

11 cm

40
(3x
+4
)c
m

3x+4=13
3x=9
x=3

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80
X

4y-9=11
4y=20
y=5
22

Contoh 8 : Perhatikan Gambar segitiga di bawah ini.

Diketahui PT=RQ, T=R=90o.Buktikan bahwa :
PTS QRS dan PQT QPR
T

Jawab :
S
(i) T=R=..
(ii)PST=..QSR..
karena bertolak belakang
(iii)TPS=..
Q
P
Maka memenuhi Teorema kongruensi type ..
Jadi PTSQRS
PTS QRS maka PS=., ST=.maka PR = ..
PS=SQ maka PSQ sama kaki shg SPQ=.
PQ ( PTQ) = PQ ( PQR) Sisi yang berhimpit
Tampak memenuhi teorema type .
Jadi PQT QPR
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23

Summary
The four congruence theorems:
ASA - Pairs of congruent sides contained
between two congruent angles
SAS - Pairs of congruent angles
contained between two congruent sides
SSS - Three pairs of congruent sides
RHS - ASS condition where matching
angles are 90
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Soal
D

1.

C ABCD adalah bangun jajar genjang.

Apakah ABD @ BCD ?.
Jawab :

D
2.

95o

95o

ABCD adalah bangun segi empat.

ABD @ BCD karena :
..
..
..
..

B
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3.

C
T

4.

C
T

Apakah ATD @ BCT ?

Jawab :
...
...
...

Apakah ATD @ BCT ?

Jawab :
...
...
...

B
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D
5.
T
A

Apakah ATD @ BCT ?

C Jawab :
...
...
...
B

6.

a. Apakah ABC @ ABD ?

Jawab :
...
...
b. Apakah ATC @ BTD ?
Jawab :
...
...

B
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By Lianto Atmodjo

27

7.
C

T
30O

30O

A
8.

D 1. Apakah ABC @ ABD ?

Jawab :
...
...
2. Apakah ATC @ BTD ?
Jawab :
...
...
...
B
Jika ACB =BDA dan BC = AD,
1. Apakah ATC @ BTD ?
Jawab :
...
...
2. Apakah ABC @ ABD ?
Jawab : ....
...
...
B
Created
By ...
Lianto Atmodjo
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D

9.

D
E

B
C

10.
E
F

Diketahui AC=BD dan BC=10 cm

a.Buktikan ACE @ BDE
Jawab:.
..
..
b.Hitunglah panjang BE
Jawab:.
..

Jika AB=BE,
a. Apakah ABC @ EBD
Jawab:.
..
..
b. Apakah ADF @ ECF
Jawab:.
..
..

Created By Lianto Atmodjo

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