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BY
Dr. D. K. MOHANTA
PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.
MVGR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
VIZIANAGARAM-535005
2016
OUT LINE
Digital signal
Signal processing
Block Diagram of DSP
Sampling Theorem
Time Domain Analysis
Frequency Domain Analysis
Applications of DSP
2
SIGNAL
Signal - that conveys some information
Ex:
Traffic signal
Calling bell
Current signal
Signal Processing
Iron core
Bauxite
Iron
PROCESSING
Removing Unwanted
things
Aluminum
Generate Feedback
Control Signal
Robotics (ASIMOV)
Vehicle Manufacturing
Process Control
TIME
DOMAIN
SIGNALS
Continuous-Time
Domain Signal
Analog
Signal
Continuous
Quantized
Signal
Discrete Time
-Domain Signal
Discrete
Signal
Digital
Signal
Sampling in ADC
Analog input
Sampled signal
Sampling pulse
Amplitude
5V
4V
(a) Analog signal
2V
t
(b) Sampling pulse
0
(c) Sampled pulse
t
Pulse- amplitude
modulation
signal
5V
4V
2V
0
Fig: Sampling
circuit
Digital Telephone
Communication System:
Example
10
Merits
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
11
Demerits
Flexibility in
1. Specialized hardware
reconfiguration (as it is a
increases the cost
programmable system)
2. Approximation &
Accuracy
coefficient
quantization errors:
Easy to store
Loss of originality
Implementation is cheap
Aliasing
Digital filters have Linear
3. Stability
phase characteristics
Multi rate Processing
Building Blocks
Analog system
RLC
Energy sources
Adder
Multiplier
Delays
C
R
12
Digital system
Signal Processing
Think about sampling a 1-D function:
13
Signal Processing
Sampling a 1-D function:
14
Signal Processing
Sampling a 1-D function:
15
Signal Processing
Sampling a 1-D function:
What do you notice?
16
Signal Processing
Sampling a 1-D function: what do you
notice?
Jagged, not smooth
17
Signal Processing
Sampling a 1-D function: what do you
notice?
Jagged, not smooth
Loses information!
18
Signal Processing
Sampling a 1-D function: what do you
notice?
Jagged, not smooth
Loses information!
19
20
21
22
23
Sampling TheoremStatement
A continuous-time signal x(t) with
frequencies no higher than fmax can be
reconstructed exactly from its samples
x[n]=x(nTs), if the samples are taken at a
rate fs = 1/Ts that is greater than 2 fmax.
Critical-sampling ( fs = 2 fmax)
Analog
System
Degree of System
Represented by
Rise time
differential
equation
BIBO Stability
Settling time
%Over shoot
x(n)
h(n)
y(n)=2x(n-2)+3x(n-3)
Impulse Response
y(t)
x(t)
Analog
System
Z-Transform
u(t)
1
t
0
2T 3T 4T 5T
f * ( k ) e k
1
k
f * ( k ) 0, k 0
1
z
F (kZ)
1
1 e z
z e
*
D ( z ) a0 a1z 1 a N z N
The system is said to be stable only if all the poles of
the system or roots of denominator are less than 1
Concept of Convolution
Linear Convolution
Circular convolution
Output
y(n)
Input x(n)
Discrete-Time
System
h(n)
y ( n ) x ( n) * h ( n ) h ( n ) * x ( n )
y ( n)
( x(n k ) h(k ))
Continuous Time
Periodic
FOURIER
SERIES
Aperiodic
FOURIER
TRANSFORM
Discrete Time
Periodic
DISCRETE
FOURIER
SERIES
Aperiodic
DISCRETE
DISCRETE
TIME
FOURIER
FOURIER
TRANSFORMTRANSFORM
Beam of
sunlight
V
I
B
G
Y
O
R
Spectrum
Glass Prism
White Light
Beam of
sunlight
otherwise
X ( ) L 10
for
sin(10 / 2)
X ( )
sin( / 2)
Rectangular Pulse
0
otherwise
x(n)
X ( )
n
X ( )
=0
Rectangular Pulse
X (k )
x(n)
X (k )
APPLICATIONS OF DSP
Space: Space photograph enhancement, data compression
Medical: Diagnostic imaging (MRI), electrocardiogram
Thank You