Petrol injection system

Petrol Injection
Expectations from an engine
Starting (Cold and Hot)
Sustenance
Idling
Higher Specific power output - Max. power
(HP/CC)
Max torque
Acceleration
Deceleration
Transients
Free from Vibration/Noise/Flat spots
Fuel economy
Low emission

Petrol Injection
Factors influencing engine
performance
Ambient air temperature
Engine temperature
Altitude (air density)
Idle and loads in idling
Acceleration
Deceleration
Load change at desired speed
Knock level
Permanent loads and temporary loads

4-stroke gasoline injection system

Different operating strokes

Suction

Compression

Power

Exhaust

Carburettor engine
Air
Filter

Carburettor
Fuel
Filter

Ignition
Distributor

Fuel pump

Fuel Tank

Petrol Injection
Limitations of a Carburetor system

Cold starting problem

Lower specific output
Mal-distribution of fuel
Wall wetting in manifold
Higher fuel consumption
Higher emission levels
Poor transients
Evaporation loss
Fuel transport delay

Petrol Injection

Petrol Injection System

Types

Continuous

Intermittent

(Mechanical)

(Electronic)

K-jetronic

Cold start valve

Fuel
Distributor

Temp.
sensor

Idle

air

actuator
Fuel filter

Warm-up
regulator

Fuel pump
Pressure
Accumulator

Fuel Tank

Petrol Injection System

Electronic Injection

Jetronic

Motronic

( With independent ignition

( With integrated ignition

System)

System)

Petrol Injection system

SPI

MPI

Mono jetronic

Air temp. sensor

ECU
Fuel
pump

Petrol Injection system

Advantages of SPI system over
Carburettor system

Better cold start - Highly Adaptable

Higher specific output
Fuel economy
Lower exhaust emissions
Better transients

Petrol Injection System

Types

Open loop

Closed loop

Petrol Injection System

Open loop system
ECU

Injectors

Engine

Exhaust

Petrol Injection System

Closed loop system
ECU

Injectors

Engine

Exhaust

Petrol Injection System

Suitable for stringent emission with
catalytic converter
Engine management system
Open loop
Suited for leaded fuel and soft emission levels
Closed loop
Suitable for stringent emission with catalytic converter

Petrol Injection System

Limitations of SPI system
Mal-distribution of fuel to
different cylinders
Wall wetting problem
Fuel transport delay

Petrol injection system

Various adaptations with MPI
Load and speed
Cold start
post start (sustenance)
Idling
Warm up
Hot start
Acceleration/Deceleration
Air inlet
Altitude

Mixture requirement vs performance

rich

lean
Engine output

Fuel consumption

Petrol Injection
System
Lambda
1.3

Lean misfire limit

1.2

Fuel economy

1.1

Maximum fuel economy

1
Perfect idle and min. emission*
0.9
Maximum power
0.8
Good acceleration
0.7

4-stroke gasoline injection system

Fuel

Different operating strokes

Suction

Compression

Power

Injector

Exhaust

Ignition system - conventional coil

Spark plugs

Battery
Ignition
Switch

Vac.
Advance
mechanism

Ignition
coil

Ignition
distributor

KE - jetronic

Throttle

Electro

Position sensor

Hydraulic
actuator

Lambda
sensor

Thermo
Time switch

ECU

Fuel Tank

K & KE comparison
K - jetronic

KE-jetronic

E
H
A

To
Fuel
Tank

L-jetronic

Pressure
regulator

Air flow meter

Air

Fuel filter
Engine
RPM
ECU

Fuel pump

Fuel
Tank

LH jetronic

Hot film
Air mass meter

Motronic system
Ignition
Ignition

distributor

coil

Engine rpm
Sensor

ECU

Petrol Injection system

Basic functions

Starting and warm up enrichment

Idle speed control
Current and dwell angle control
Lambda control
Transients
Diagnosis

Petrol Injection sysytem

Optional functions

Knock control
Boost control
Camshaft control
Evaporative emission control
Exhaust gas re-circulation

Petrol Injection System

Advantages of Petrol Injection system

Lower exhaust emission levels

Fuel economy
Higher specific power output
Good driveability
Better cold start and warm-up
Effective system diagnosis
High reliability

Petrol Injection
System
Load

Engine
speed

Idle/full
position

Engine
Temp.

Intake
air
temp.

Air -fuel
ratio

Knock

Air flow
sensor

Speed
sensor

Throttle
sensor

Temp.
sensor

Temp.
sensor

Lambd
a
sensor

Acceler
ometer

Battery
voltage

ECU

Fuel
Tank

Injector

Fuel
pump

Filter

Ignition

Pressure
regulator

Overflow
to tank

ENGINE

Start
signal

Petrol Injection System

Petrol Injection System

Petrol Injection System

Petrol Injection system

Lambda sensor

Petrol Injection system

Lambda sensor

Petrol Injection System

Advantages of MPI
Better cold start and idling
Uniform Air-fuel mixture distribution
Highly accurate air-fuel ratio control throughout all
operating conditions
Highly adaptable top different ambient
temperatures
Faster response for acceleration/deceleration
Excellent fuel economy
Lower emission levels
Better specific power output
No fuel transport delay
Simple mechanics and reduced adjustment
sensitivity