Robert_Copp@dot.ca.

gov

PREVIOUS
SUCCESSES
OLYMPIAD XXIII - 1984
Projections of Huge Traffic Jams /
Images of Stranded Tourists Missing
Events
Residents Scared into Leaving Town
Los Angeles Praised -Great Planning!

People are
Resilient
AND
Resourceful!

SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE - 1989

No Advance Warning
Motorists / Congestion Disappeared
Diversions Did Not Account for Total
Where Did They All Go??
San Francisco Praised - Great
Work!

STUDY PURPOSE

Evaluate District compliance with Guidelines

Evaluate Typical Measures of Effectiveness

Determine Most Effective Strategies

Evaluate Cost versus Benefit

Establish Lessons Learned

Formulate Recommendations to Improve

TMP Process / Modify Guidelines

To Improve
Mobility
Across California

Caltrans
Mission

8 of 15 of the Most
Congested Cities
are in California
We must get the most
out of the roads we have
before building any new
ones..well, duh!

Construction

WHATS THE POLICY?

Special
Events

DEPUTY DIRECTIVE 60 (Eff. 2000)

Maintenance

Caltrans
commitment is to:
Minimize motorist
delays for ALL
activities on the
State highway
system without
compromising public
or worker safety, or
the quality of the
work being
performed.

Encroachment
Permits

..but with Varying

Levels of Treatment..

TMP CATEGORIES & STRATEGIES

Blanket TMP
No expected delays
Off peak
Low volume roads
Moving lane
closures

Portable
CMS, FSP, TMT,
Off-peak hours

Minor TMP

Major TMP (~5% of

Projects)

(Majority)

Minimal impacts
caused by work

Lane closure
charts required

Some mitigation
measures required

Night Work, Portable

& Fixed CMS, COZEEP,
TMT, HAR, FSP, Gawk
Screens..

Significant impacts

caused by work
Multiple TMP
strategies

Multiple contracts

Public Awareness
Campaigns, Fixed CMS,
Extended Closures, Moveable
Barriers, COZEEP, Detours,
Reduced Lane Widths,
Website, Helicopter..

Six TMP Strategies

P ublic Information
M otorist Information
I

ncident Management

C
D
A

onstruction Strategies
emand Management
lternate Routes

TMP Costs for one

Project were estimated
as high as $7,000,000

How Would You Measure the

Effectiveness of TMP
Strategies?

Overall Corridor

Traffic Volume Counts,

Floating Car Runs,
Queue Lengths,
Transit Ridership,
Video Surveillance ..
Personal or Mail-in
Surveys, No. of Calls or
Website Hits, Public
Meeting Attendance ..

Public Awareness

Motorist Information Personal or Mail-in

Surveys, Traffic
Observations ..

Incident Management

Accident Response /
Removal Time,
Pre- / Post- Accident
Rates ..

Measurement of Effectiveness
(Cont.)
Traffic Volume Counts,
Floating Car Runs,
Queue Lengths, Lane
Closures Set / Picked
Up on Time ..

Construction Strategies

Demand Management

Alternate Routes

Trip Mode Distribution,

Park n Ride Lot Usage,
Carpooling Surveys,
Employer Surveys ..

Traffic Volume Counts

Floating Car Runs,
Origin/Destination
Surveys ..

District 07
I-10 Long-Life Pavement Project

Vehicle Delay
Traffic Volumes

Example of Corridor
Effectiveness Results

Pre-Const. Estimate
= 1,000,000 veh-hrs
Actual Delay
= 16,000 veh-hrs
Traffic Demand on
Interstate 10 was
reduced by 57% (from
112,000 to 56,000 veh)

Length of Queues
Initial Estimate
= 44 miles
Actual Queue Length
= 1.9 miles

Safety
No collisions or
Employee injuries
occurred in the
Work Zone

Project Characteristics
- Fast-setting Hydraulic Concrete
- Closed 2 of 4 Lanes
- Extended 55-Hour Closures

District 07
I-10 Long-Life Pavement Project

Actual Delay in Work

Zone With TMP
Strategies

(Initial Projected Delay = 1 Hour / Vehicle)

Projected
Delay

Rte 30/Foothill Blvd.

Arrow Highway
Holt Ave.
Mission Blvd.
Detour
Rte 60 Freeway

Actual
Delay

3500

Sat. Sun.
9
7
6
3

2
2
5
2

20

34

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000

TIME

0
4-5 AM

2-3 AM

Mid-1 AM

10-11 PM

8-9 PM

6-7 PM

4-5 PM

2-3 PM

Noon-1 PM

10-11 AM

8-9 AM

6-7 AM

4-5 AM

2-3 AM

Mid-1 AM

10-11 PM

8-9 PM

6-7 PM

4-5 PM

2-3 PM

Noon-1 PM

10-11 AM

8-9 AM

6-7 AM

4-5 AM

2-3 AM

Mid-1 AM

10-11PM

500

TOTAL DELAY (veh-hr)

(Delay in minutes)

511

But..
WHICH strategies
led to these
Great Results??

If you drive I-80, you

might want to consider
an alternate route
this morning..

MOST EFFECTIVE
STRATEGIES
- PUBLIC AWARENESS
Which way
should we
go today..?

Use HOV, Bus or Rail

Telecommute ..

Leave Earlier
or Later ..

Instead of saying
Bridge Replacement
Project --...

Slogans AND Maps

are Good and
Easy to Remember..

Improve Your Dr
ive
on the Five!

District 04
Central Freeway Replacement Project

Project Characteristics
- Full-freeway Closure
- On- and Off-Ramps Closed
- Extensive Public Info Campaign

Advance
Awareness
of Central
Freeway
Closure
What
Did the
Public
Notice?
78%

Newspaper Articles

63%

TV News

50%

Freeway Signs

42%

Radio Traffic Reports

40%

Radio News Reports

37%

Word of M outh

32%

Fold-Out Brochures

15%

Newspaper Ads

11%

Newsletters

10%

Billboards

7%

One--Page Flyers

6%

Banners

5%

Radio "M an in the Street"

Other
Public M eetings

0%

Metro Traffic

511

4%
2%
10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

PercentPercentage
Remembering

60%

70%

80%

90%

Effective Construction Strategies

LANE REQUIREMENT
-CHARTS
Based on 0 delay (Const.)
- 5 -15 minutes Delay (Maint.)
- According to District Traffic Managers
- eliminates about 90% of potential
delay

Chart No. _
Lane Requirements and Hours of Work

Location:

a.m.
p.m.
FROM HOUR TO HOUR
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Mondays through Thursdays
Fridays
Saturdays

PROBLEMS
- Const. windows reduced

Sundays

Legend:

- More Night work (Urban/Rural)

Provide at least one through freeway lane open in direction of travel

- Comparative Quality?

Provide at least two adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

Provide at least three adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

Provide at least four adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

Provide at least five adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

No lane closure permitted; work permitted anywhere that does not require lane closure

- Comparative Safety?

No lane closure permitted; no work permitted

Remarks:

Effective Construction
Strategies (Cont.)

CONSTRUCTION STAGING

DELAY PENALTY -- Hammer for the RE to

charge the Contractor ($$$) for late pick-up
of the closure .

EXTENDED CLOSURES (e.g. 55-Hour

Weekends or 72-Hour Weekdays)

NARROW LANE WIDTHS or USE OF

SHOULDERS (PEAK PERIOD)

MOVEABLE BARRIERS

CONTRAFLOW (Crossovers)

CONTINGENCY PLANS (Redundancy)

District 08
EXTENDED CLOSURE
I-15 Devore PCCP Reconstruction - Schedule, Cost &
Project Characteristics
Delay Comparison
- Full-Freeway Closed - one direction
- Extended 72-Hour Closures

Construction
Scenario

Schedule
Comparison
Total Closure
Closures Hours

Cost Comparison ($Millions)

Traffic
Total
Handling

User
Delay

Construction

5.6

10.5

2.1

18.2

Max.
Delay
(Min)

72-Hour
Weekday

512

55-Hour
Weekend

10

550 14.2

12.5

2.6

29.3 196

1 Roadbed
Continuous

400

8.9

1.0

16.8 196

19.1

1.3

25.3

10-Hour
Night-time

6.9

220 2,200 4.9

75

36

District 05
Cuesta Grade Project
Project Characteristics
- Addition of NB / SB Truck-Climbing Lanes
- Addition of Eight-foot Shoulders
- Construction of massive Retaining Walls

Effective Strategies
-- Demand Management

NO. OF PEAK HOUR TRIPS

4% Average
Reduction

VAN POOL RIDERS

BUS TRIPS

313% Increase

PARK N RIDE USAGE

Strategy Cost
= $3,300,000

38% increase

29% Increase

Strategy Cost
= $780,000

District 04
Alternate Route Strategies
Central Freeway Replacement Project
(Info obtained by Survey)
City Streets
Only - 11%

No Longer
Made Trip - 3%
Public Transit - 2%
Other - 2%
Freeway /
Transit - 3%
Freeway /
Streets - 2%

Different Freeway
or Ramp Route - 76%

Freeway /
Fewer Trips - 1%

District 11
BENEFITS VS. COSTS??
I-5 / I-805 Widening Project
Bang for the Buck...
Project Characteristics
- Const. Separate Freeway Bypass
- Const. of new Interchange / Auxiliary Lanes

Strategy Cost

P ublic Information

$607,500

M otorist Information

$835,000

I ncident Management
COZEEP Cost = $1,700,000
C

$2,767,000

emand Management

$400,000

lternate Routes

$10,000

onstruction Strategies

---

A Goal - Increase Van, Carpools, Bus by 5% / Change worktime by 2%

COMPARE

COST VS. DELAY SAVINGS

LESSONS
LEARNED
PUBLIC AWARENESS
Newspapers
TV News Spots

ADVANCE SIGNAGE

Before Decision Points

On Preceding Weeks / Weekends

PUBLIC
AWARENESS:
MOST Effective
Strategies
facilitate DecisionMaking by Driving
Public to avoid
Work Zone

ADHERE TO LANE REQMT CHARTS

Real-Time Statusing is Needed
Penalties for Late Lane Opening

KEEP LANES OPEN

Narrow Lane Widths

Shoulder Usage during Peak

CONSTRUCTIO
N
Strategies are
also very
effective

LESSONS LEARNED (cont.)

Delay cost
to motorists

CONSIDER OTHER STRATEGIES:

Extended Closures vs. Night Closures

(Get in & Stay in -- Get out & Stay out!)
Close Coordination w/ Locals (Detours, Signals)
Shorten Contract Time through Incentives

COST VS. BENEFIT

$$$ on Work Zone Enforcement vs. Benefit ??

$$$ on Brochures, Ads, Flyers, vs. Benefit ??
(Media Coverage -- no cost for Major Projects)
Costs of TMP Strategies vs. Delay costs

OTHER ISSUES

Truck Restrictions / Closures on Parallel Routes

Cumulative Impacts due to Multiple Projects
(Combine closures when advantageous)

TMP
Cost

RECOMMENDATIONS
STREAMLINE TMP PROCESS

Blanket / Minor Projects (Standardized Forms)

Major Projects (Brief, Standardized Reports)
Critical Monitoring Activities - Delay Counts, Runs

PROPOSED STUDIES

Detailed TMP Effectiveness - Costs vs. Benefits

Full-Freeway vs. Night Closures
Enforcement Practices (Placement, etc.)

MODIFY TMP GUIDELINES

Standardize Monitoring Practices

Standardize Reporting Practices
Include Non-Motorized Considerations

Robert_Copp@dot.ca.gov

HANDOUTS
TMP Process
Relationship between Project
Characteristics and TMP Strategies
Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies
TMP Strategies -- Unit cost Info
Sample Worksheet -- Blanket TMP
Sample Delay Calculations

Relationship between Project

Characteristics
and Appropriate TMP Strategies
Project

Pub lic

Motorist

Incident

Const.

Demand

Alternate

Characteristic
Information Information Management Strategies Management Routes
Duration
Long
Long
Long
Length
Short
Short
Short
Long
Phasing
x
x
x
x
x
Urbanization
x
(Non-Urbanized)
x
Average Daily Traffic
x
x
x
Reduced Capacity
x
x
x
x
x
x
Viable Alternate Routes
x
x
x
(No Alternate Routes)
x
x
x
Traffic Delay
x
x
x
x
x
x
Public / Media
x
x
x
Political
x
x
x
x
Affected Activity Centers
x
x
x
x
x
Truck Percentage
x
Business Impacts
x
x
x
Increase in Accidents
x
x
x
Steep Inclines
x
x
x
Raised Medians
x
x
x

Sample Unit Costs for TMP

Strategies

TMP ELEMENT S- "ROUGH" COST S

Public Information
Hiring Consultant to do PR
$250,000+
Mailer (printing)
$0.5-1.0/1,000 Mailers
Mailer (cost to distribute)
$0.34/mailer
Flyers (printing)
$0.1-1.0/1,000
Flyers (cost to distribute by outside company)
$65/1,000
Billboards (+ $1,000 to transfer to vinal)
$2,500/month
Press Release, Flyer, Bulletins (Develop, State Force)
$224
Newspaper Ad (Black and White, 1/4 pg.)
$6,000/day
Newspaper Ad (Black and White, 1/2 pg.)
12,000/day
Newspaper Ad (Black and White, full pg.)
$18,000/day
Newspaper Ad (Color, 1/4 pg.)
$8,000/day
Newspaper Ad (Color, 1/2 pg.)
$14,000/day
Newspaper Ad (Color, full pg.)
$22,000/day
Press Conference/Public Meeting (Depends on Loc'n/Rm Size) $0-1,000/day
Open House
$3,000
Radio Ad (varies greatly)
$800/minute
Telephone Hotline (+$250 Hook-up)
$45/month
TV Commercial (Local Cable)
$4,000+
TV Commercial (Broadcast Channel)
$20,000+
Kiosk Rental (Small)
$1,200/month
Kiosk Rental (Large)
$1,500/month

Motorist Information
Permanent CMS
Portable CMS
Portable CMS (Rental)
Portable Highway Advisory Radio
Highway Advisory Radio (Super)
Ground Mounted Signs

$300,000
$10,000
$350/day, $1,500/week,
$3,500/month
$60,000/unit
$70,000/unit
$300 each

Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies

(Cont.)

Incident Management
COZEEP/MAZEEP (Two Officers at night)
Freeway Service Patrol (Including admin cost,
contingency and CHP dispatch)
Loop Detector
CCTV
Traffic Management Team (State Force)
Transportation Management Center (State Force)
Helicopter Surveillance
Mobile Command Center (State Furnished)
Web Camera

$1,000/night
$119.07/hr (reg. Time)
$116.45/hr (Over Time)
$300 each
20000 to $200,000
$0
$0
$600/hour
$0
Range between
$20,000 to 200,000

Construction Strategies
K-Rail
Movable Concrete Barrier (Rental)
Movable Concrete Barrier- Transport Machine (Rental)
Gawk Screen (optional)
Temporary Signal

$10-15/lf
$30/lf
$100,000/6 months
$3/lf
$30,000 each

Demand Management
Park & Ride
Ramp Metering

$50/hr
$50,000/location

Alternate Route
Traffic Control Officers

$50/hour

TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO

Strategy

Source: TM P Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Unit Cost

Comment

PUBLIC INFORMATION
Brochures and Mailers Cost could range between $.40 to $ .50/ brochure Variable depending on the text, graphics and presentation quality
Media Releases
Public Info. Center
Paid Advertising
Visual Information
Telephone Hotline

for a large quantity.

Cost varies with labor up to a few hours of labor/
month.

of the materials produced, numbers printed and distribution

methods.
Labor cost associated with TMP personnel interacting with media,
as well as time developing press releases. Cost varies with labor
up to a few hours of labor/ month.
Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per
Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per square foot per
square foot per month depending on the location. month depending on the location. Additional costs could include
staffing, equipment, furnishings and operating costs.
The cost depends on newspaper rates in the
area, but can range between $100 to $600 for 3
column inches, one time only.
Variable
Installation: In the range of $100 - $110 for one
line (local access only).
Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each.
Monthly Fee: $20.00 plus usage (rates are
discounted if over

Installation: This does not include having the actual line installed
into the location).
Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each.

MOTORIST INFORMATION
CMS

$35,000 to $50,000 to purchase depending upon

whether installation is permanent or portable;
$1,900 to $2,400/ month to lease in 1993 dollars.
Annual operating costs can range from $13,000 to
$22,000 (1989 dollars) per unit.
Variable

Signing and Striping

Highway Advisory
Radio

$30,000 to $35,000/ spot; $53,000 for portable unit

INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
Traffic Monitoring
Station

$30,000 per mile

TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.)

Strategy
Tow Service
Aerial

Surveillance

Call Boxes

COZEEP

Unit Cost

Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Comment

Cost/ truck hour of service ranges from $50.00 to

$60.00. Annualized cost of $85,000/ vehicle, or
about $250/ day.
Ranges from $5,000 to 6,000 per month (based on
D 12 project) to $12,000/ month (I-95 project in
Florida)
$5,000 to $6,500 for field units (part of construction Cost could also include telephone message charges and
cost, not TM cost); $25,000 to $32,000 dispatching dispatching.
unit; $500 to $600 annual operating cost/ unit.
$50 to $60/ hour

(Construction Zone Enforcement Enhancement Program)

CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES
Variable Lanes

Temporary concrete barriers: $15 per linear foot

Traffic cones: $10 each
Channelizers: $35 each

Project Phasing

Variable depending in the duration of

construction, materials used for the stages
construction, and additional design fees for
preparation of PS & E.
$6,000 per day with maximum 5 percent of construction cost for
incentive $12,000 per day for disincentive (based on the I-45
project in Houston, Texas).

Incentives /
Disincentives
Cost + Time Bidding

Not Available

Owner- Imposed
Physical Restrictions

Not Available

Not Available
Use of OwnerSupplied or Stockpiled
Materials
Not Available
Value Engineering
Incentive

Surveillance

Not Available

Lane/Ramp Closures

$2,800 per direction per count location

Counts may already be available in District's inventory section

TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.)

Strategy
Glare/ Gawk Screens

Truck Traffic
Restrictions
Total Facility Closure

Unit Cost

Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Comment

$10 per linear foot to lease, $15 per linear foot to

purchase
None
Cost for COZEEP depends on extent of closure
Varies, depending on construction engineering costs, traffic
control costs and road user costs. This element would typically be
funded as part of the construction contract, rather than the TMP.

Lane-By-Lane Rental

DEMAND MANAGEMENT
Rideshare Incentives

Vanpooling incentives range from $.19 to $ .62

per vehicle using the corridor (based on ADT).

Rideshare Marketing

Unknown.

TMP costs do not differentiate between overall marketing costs

and rideshare marketing costs.

Park-and Ride Lots

Temporary at- grade parking would cost $1,000

per space with $50/ space with annual
maintenance cost.
$5.00/ vehicle mile.

Variable, depending whether new lots must be acquired or built.

Transit Service
Improvements
Transit Incentives

Depends on level of incentive, up to $60/ month is

not tax- free

High Occupancy
Vehicle Lanes

$6,000 per mile for temporary HOV lane.

Parking Management/ Minimal

Pricing

ALTERNATE ROUTES
Ramp Closure and
Ramp Metering

$80,000 to $100,000 per ramp for ramp metering.

Street Improvements

Approximately $10,000 per intersection.

Traffic Control
Improvements

$10,000 to 25,000 per temporary signal or signal

modification.

Variable depending on the magnitude of geometric changes.

TRANSPORTATION
MANAGEMENT PLANS
BLANKET CLOSURE FORM F
District
Route
No. of Lanes Affected
Location Description
Work Description
Initial Date / Time
Expected Duration

Contact Person: _________________________

Phone: __________________(office)
____________________(cel)

County
Postmile(s)
Length of Segment

Ending Date / Time

Expected Delay (minutes)

BLANKET TMP ACTIVITIES -- Please check the appropriate box(es):

Bridge inspection / repair
Culvert / drainage cleanout
/ inspection / repairs

Lighting repairs / relamping

Non-landscaped area
tree/brush/vegetation work

Restriping
Right-of-Way Fence repair

Delineator / Postmile marker

repairs / replacement

Electrical maintenance

Safety and Accident

investigations

Ditch and channel work

Median barrier / attenuator

repairs (off traveled way)

Shoulder area grading for

lateral support

Driveway construction
Debris / litter removal

Pavement coring / testing

Pavement - minor repairs /
replacement

Sign repairs / replacement

Sump pump repairs / cleaning

Facility patrols and

surveillance

Pavement grinding operations

(AC digouts)

Surveying

Graffiti abatement/clean-up
on walls / signs / equipment
cabinets

Roadside Facilities (Rest Area /

Vista Points)

Tree maintenance (trimming /

pruning)

Landscaping (irrigation /
vegetation control spraying,
mowing)

Roadside Facilities (Weigh

Station / Park and Ride Lot)

Utilities placement /
maintenance

FACILITY
Mainline
Auxiliary lane
Median
Shoulder

TYPE OF CLOSURE
Bridge
On-ramp
Off-ramp
Connector

Lane
Full Freeway
Moving

One-way
Various

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Did you prepare Lane Closure Charts?
Was Zero delay goal accomplished? (If not, be
sure to specify the expected delay above.)
Are there adjacent Lane Closures in the same corridor?
If Yes, what is the spacing?

Yes
Yes

No
No

Yes

No

Sample Delay Calculations

RTE
Location:
Operation: Multilane Closure
0.0%
100.0%
4 Lanes
2 Lanes

14000

Cost per Truck: $24/Veh-Hr

Cost per Passenger Car: $9/Veh-Hr
Cost for Mixed Flow Traffic: $9/Veh-Hr
Single-Lane Capacity: 1500 Veh/Hr
Open-Lane Capacity: 3000 Veh/Hr

12000
10000

Count Date: 5-3-2001

0
5309
12254

0
3000
6000

Difference
(Veh)

0
2309
6254

Area
(Veh-Hr)

0
1154.5
4281.5

Queue
Length
(mile)

Individual
Delay
(minutes)

0.0
2.7
7.4

46
125

6000
4000
2000
0
8AM

0
5309
6945

Cumulative Cumulative
Demand Capacity
(Veh)
(Veh)

7AM

6 AM
7 AM
8 AM

Demand
(Veh)

8000

6AM

Time

CUM
ULATIVEVEHICLES

Percent Truck:
Percent Passenger Cars:
Number of Lanes Existing:
Number of Lanes Open:

Demand vs. Capacity

TIME

Max. Individual Delay:

Vehicle Delay Hours:
Total Cost of Delay:
Delay Cost/10min:

125 minutes
5,436 veh-hr

$48,924
$4,077

0.0

Demand

Capacity