Essential Questions:

How did differences in values affect

distinct American subcultures in the
Chesapeake, Southern, New
England, & Middle colonies?

What were the roles of women and

the family in colonial America? Did
they differ by region?

How and why did African slavery get

started in North America? What did
slavery mean for African culture?

The English
Colonies in
America

The English Colonies

In the 1600s, English settlers arrived

in North America
English colonization differed from
Spanish & French because the English
govt had no desire to create a
centralized empire in the New World
Different motivations by English settlers
led to different types of colonies

Migrating to the English Colonies

17th century England faced major

social changes:
The most significantly was a boom in
population; Competition for land, food,
jobs led to a large mobile population
(vagrants?)
People had choices: could move to
cities, Ireland, Netherlands, or America
(but this was most expensive &
dangerous)

Migrating to the English

Colonies

Motives for migration to America:

Religious: purer form of worship

Economic: Escape poverty or the threat
of lifelong poverty
Personal: to escape bad marriages or jail
terms

Migration to America was facilitated

by the English Civil War & Glorious
Revolution

The Stuart Monarchs

Four Colonial
Subcultures

The values of the migrants dictated

the personality of the newly
created colonies; led to distinct (not
unified) colonies
The Chesapeake
New England
Middle Colonies
The Carolinas & Georgia

By the early 1600s, Spain, England, & France

had large territorial claims in North America
(but these colonies were not heavily populated,
especially in Spanish & French claims)

These colonial claims came largely

at the expense of the Native
Americans already living there

Do now:
In your notebook- Underneath Thursday/
Fridays notes. Label a section:
Tuesday 8/23 Do Now
Answer the following question:
England failed to establish a centralized
empire in the Americas during the 1600s.
Explain one of the major effects of not
establishing a foundation for English
government in the colonies.

Towns, Mounds, and Kachinas

Jig-saw Reading Activity
Ms. Lakhani will place you into groups.
Each group will be responsible for a section.
Each group will read their section and find the
most significant social, political, and economic
details in the text and write these down on the
chart.
Prepare to share and take notes on your
findings.

Do Now: In your Notebook under

Mon/Tuess do now.
Compare and contrast the two maps below.
Map A: Gerhard
Mercator. Virginia and
Maryland, 1636

Map B: Edward
Williams. A Map of
Virginia, 1651.

Life in 17 Century
English Colonies
th

The Economic, Social, & Political

Culture of the English Colonies

What did
the
English
colonies
look like
in 1650?

What did
the English
colonies
look like at
the end of
the 17th
century?

Colonial Society
th
in the 17 Century:
New England

Families in New England

New England society was much more
stable than other colonies:
New England Puritans migrated to America as
families
Marriage was easy as most people shared
common values
Colonists lived longer due to more a dispersed
population, purer water, & a cooler climate

Education in New
England

New England towns regarded

education as fundamental family
responsibility; towns began to create
elementary schools funded with local
taxes:
NE had, by far, the highest literacy rate
in America
In 1638, Harvard became Americas
first college

Family Life in New

England

Patriarchal Society the father was boss

of the family, and society in general

The female was to a subservient and

obedient wife and a loving mother

Children endured a strict upbringing

through corporal punishment, plentiful
chores, and apprenticeships

Laws established systems of public

education that ensured the basic education
of children

Women in New England

Was the colonial era the golden

age for women?

Women contributed to society as wives

& mothers, devout church members, &
ran small-scale farms

But were not equals with men:

Women could not legally own or sell
property; divorce difficult
Women did what God ordained

Religion in New England

Since most New England colonies were

founded on a belief that the colony
existed through a covenant with God,
religion and state were often one and
the same
Local town governments ensured the good
order of Puritan society
Suffrage rights and political opportunities
commonly depended on ones membership
in the local church

Triangular Trade

Though there were no plantation

elite in New England, there did arise
a powerful merchant class

The New England merchants profited

from shipping manufactured rum, and
other goods received from Southern
colonies and the Indies, to Africa to be
exchanged for slaves

Happy Friday!!!
Do Now: Friday 8/26
1) Please label this Do Now
Thursday 8/25
2) Draw the chart in your
notebook.
3) Fill in the chart based on
the notes from yesterday.
-Please leave room to add
notes as needed.

Social
Hierarchy in
New England

Social
Hierarchy
England
NE
churches
focused onin
its New
members;
outsiders
were not welcomed & often moved away
Local gentry of religiously
devout families guided
town meetings
Large population of
yeomen farmers loyal
to the local community
Small population of
landless laborers,
servants, & poor

The Diverse Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies were a mixture of

Southern and New England societies

There were both large landowners who grew

cash crops and also wealthy merchants who
controlled growing cities

There was broad religious diversity

Quakers, Catholics, Anglicans, Puritans, etc
There were diverse ethnic backgrounds

English, Scots-Irish, Dutch, German, Swiss,

etc

Opportunities in the Middle Colonies

As most immigrants came to America in

search of economic opportunity, in the Middle

Colonies they were most likely to find it
Opportunities were not limited to ethnic
background in the diverse Middle Colonies
Most became farmers, but many also found
opportunities to become artisans in rapidly
expanding cities such as Philadelphia and
New York

Colonial Society in the

th
17 Century:
The Chesapeake

Families in the
Chesapeake

Normal, English family life was

impossible in Virginia:
70-85% of immigrants were young male
indentured servants
High death rate (average age was 10-20
years lower than NE)
One married spouse often died within a
decade
Children often never knew their parents
(let alone grandparents)

Women in Chesapeake
Society

Scarcity gave some women

bargaining power in the marriage
market; allowed some women to
improve their social status
But women were vulnerable:
sexual exploitation
Childbearing was dangerous
Chesapeake women died 20 years
earlier than women in New England

Life in the Early South

Due to their few numbers women were

able to gain broad social and legal
rights, as well as wealth
Due to the short life spans women were
commonly able to marry many times due
to the death of husbands these many
marriages would allow them to gain large
estates
With their material power came social and
political influence

Social Hierarchy in the Chesapeake

The plantation gentry

dominated society &
the House of Burgesses

Tobacco
waswere
the basis
Free
farmers
largest
of wealth
of
class;
Came&ascause
indentured
social inequalities
servants;
most lived on
edge of poverty
Indentured servants
were often mistreated
& cheated out of land
African slaves

Chesapeake Culture

By 1680, social mobility in the

Chesapeake was limited:
An American-born elite class had
emerged (this social aristocracy was
absent earlier)
The plantation economy & ownership of
slaves allowed the gentry to produce
more tobacco
High death rates halted the
development of schools & towns

Life in the Early South

Due to the fact that there were very few

large towns public education never
came to be an important issue
Rural and sporadic small-town society
Illiteracy was very common
The education that did take place was
primarily given by either private tutors or
educated parents
For higher levels of schooling children were
sent overseas to European institutions

Tuesday 8/30/16

Good Day young people!

Happy Tuesday!
Answer the following question in your
notebook. Label this: Tuesday 8/30
Do Now

Who is your favorite person from

American history? Why did you select
this person?
Explain your answer.

Good Morning! Happy Monday!!!

Do Now:
Answer the following short answer question in your notebook:

a) Briefly explain how ONE of the following European powers most clearly
maneuvered and fought for dominance of North America

English
Spanish
French

b) Provide ONE example of an event or development to support your

explanation.
c) Briefly explain why ONE of the other options is not as useful to mark
the beginning of European dominance of North America

Split Southern Society

The head right system quickly created a

society split between poor freed farmers
(former indentured servants) and
wealthy plantation owners
Over half of settlers in the southern
colonies were indentured servants
Small farmers were kept poor by

Falling tobacco prices due to overproduction

Poor land
High taxes

Declaration of
Independence

1)

2)

We will read the Declaration of

Independence as a class.
Students will read the Declaration of
Independence on their own and annotate for:
2)
3)
4)

3)

1) Social
2) Political
3) Economic

elements in the text.

Students will read and answer the questions

following the Declaration of Independence in
pairs.

Family Life in the South

Life was very isolated due to the scattering

of families on farms and plantations
Children were much less disciplined than in
the New England region, and of course less
educated
Women did not have to perform manual
labor, but in some rare cases they did run
the plantation
The Anglican Church was the established
religion of the region

Non-English in the South

The Scotch-Irish developed a strong

presence in
North Carolina due to its open policy of
granting lands and its open-minded,
democratic society
Georgia in the 1750s after the cheap
lands of the tidewater regions were
exhausted in Virginia and South
Carolina

Colonial Society
th
in the 17 Century:
African Slaves

Roots of Slavery
The

importation of African slaves was

based on a need for labor:
Indians decimated by disease
Indentured servant-pool waned after
1660

An

estimated 11 million slaves

(mostly males) were brought to the
English American colonies

Roots of Slavery
Slaves

were originally treated as

indentured servants but the growing
black population in VA by 1672
prompted stricter slave laws:
Africans were defined as slaves for life;
slave status was passed on to children
By 1700, slavery was based exclusively on
skin color

Origins & Destinations of African

Slaves, 1619-1760

40% in VA

The Slave Population

60% i

In the Chesapeake & Southern colonies

with large black populations, slaves found
it was easier to maintain African culture
By 1720, the African population became
self-sustaining:
Fertility rates exceeded immigration rates for
1st time
Did not occur in the Caribbean or in South
America

Free & enslaved blacks were much less

numerous in NE & Middle colonies

The Slave Population

Widespread resentment of their slave status
led to resistance in the 18th Century:
Armed resistance such as the Stono Rebellion of
1739 (SC)
In 1741, 106 slaves were hanged or deported
due to a rumor that slaves planned to burn NYC
Runaways were common

150 blacks rose up and seized munitions

hold killed & killed several white planters