CHAPTER 4

ARRAY &
STRUCTURES

4.1
ARRAY
( TATASUSUNAN)

Introduction
An array is a list of more than one variable with
the same name.
Most applications require the processing of multiple
data items that have common characteristics.
Each array element (individual data item) is
referred to by specifying the array name followed by
one or more subscripts / index (position of
elements).
Two type of array:
One dimensional
Multi dimensional

Introduction
Example 1:

char name[6] = NARUTO;

N

name [0]

name [1]

name [2]

name [3]

name [4]

name [5]

Elements

Indexs/
subscripts

Size

Introduction
Elements

Example 2:

int age[4] = {19,20,17,22};

19

age [0]

20

age[1]

17

age [2]

22

age [3]

Elements

Size
(Only at declaration)

Indexs / Subscripts
(Start with 0 until n-1)

One Dimensional
Array
One-dimensional array is an array with one
subscript.
Syntax :
DataType arrayVariable[element-size];
Example:

char title [7];

float price[100];

One Dimensional
Array
Initialization :
You must assign an initial value to the array
elements before using them.
example :
float Height[3]={145.5,169.8,179.0};
145.5

169.8

Height [0]

179.0

Height [1]

Height [2]

int Sem[] = {2, 5, 6, 4, 7, 3};

2

Sem[0] Sem[1]

Sem[2] Sem[3]

Sem[4]

Sem[5]

One Dimensional
Array
Example 1 :
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{ int quantity [4] = {5,7,12,32};
cout<<"\nInsert quantity:";
cin>>quantity[2];
cout<<"\nElement
cout<<"\nElement
cout<<"\nElement
cout<<"\nElement
}

in
in
in
in

index
index
index
index

0:"<<quantity[0];
1:"<<quantity[1];
2:"<<quantity[2];
3:"<<quantity[3];

One Dimensional
Array
Example 2 :
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int num[10];
cout<<"Key in 5 integer number:\n";
for(int x=0; x<5; x++)
{
cin>>num[x];
}
cout<<"\nElements in num array :";
for(int y=0; y<5; y++)
{
cout<<num[y]<<"\t";
}
}

One Dimensional
Array
Example 3

#include<iostream.h>
int main()
{
int a;
int number[6];
for(a=0;a<6;a++)
{
number[a]=a+5;
cout<<"number["<<a<<"] is intialized with = <<number[a]<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

One Dimensional
Array
Example 4
#include <iostream.h>
int main ()
{
int billy [] = {16, 2, 77, 40, 12071};
int n, result=0;
for ( n=0 ; n<5 ; n++ )
{
result += billy[n];
}
cout << result;
return 0;
}

Two Dimensional
Array

It is actually an array of arrays.

Sometimes called tables or matrices,
Having at least two dimensions rows and
columns.
Syntax :
dataType arrayVariable[rowSize][columnSize];
Example:

int coordinate [7][4];

float temp[50][100];

Two Dimensional
Array

Array elements are stored row by row.

Data in the two-dimensional array, always in the
same type of data.
The number of dimensions corresponds to the
dimensions in the physical world.
Example:

int a[3][4];
Row

Col

Two Dimensional
Array
Initialization :

int a[3][4]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12};
a[0]

a[1]

a[2]

10

11

12

a[0]

a[1]

a[2]

a[3]

int b[4][3]={{2,5,6},{4,7,3},{1,6,7},{9,8,1}};
[0]

[1]

[2]
[3]

[0]

[1]

[2]

Two Dimensional
Array
Example 1:

#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int bil[3][4]={10,21,33,45,5,65,76,80,90,11,23,4};
for(int row=0;row<3;row++)
{
for(int col=0;col<4;col++)
{
cout<<bil[row][col]<<"\t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}

Two Dimensional
Array
Example 2:

#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{ int BIL[3][5];
int r, c, count = 10;
for (r = 0; r < 3; r++)
{
for (c = 0; c < 5; c++)
{
BIL[r][c] = count+=5;
}
}
}