Indian Institute of Spices Research

Calicut

Recommended technologies for

commercial production of spices

M. Anandaraj
Director
Indian Institute of Spices Research
Marikunnu P), Kozhikode, Kerala
Email: anandaraj@spices.res.in

Major Spice Crops

Turmeric Varieties

IISR Prabha

IISR Prathibha

A high yielding and good quality variety with reddish yellow coloured rhizome. A
high quality and value added variety

Curcumin - 6.5%
Oleoresin - 15.0%,
Essential oil - 6.5%
Dry recovery - 19.5%

Curcumin - 6.2%
Oleoresin - 16.2%
Essential oil - 6.2%
Dry recovery - 18.5%

Yield capacity :
37.47 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 7.23 tons/ha)

Yield capacity :
39.12 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 7.23 tons/ha )

Turmeric Varieties

IISR Alleppey Supreme

IISR Kedaram

Tolerant to leaf blotch disease, suitable for growing throughout India, especially
recommended for cultivation in kerala, Maharashtra, Karnataka, N.Bengal

Curcumin - 5.55%
Oleoresin - 13.0%
Dry Recovery - 19.0%
Essential Oil - 2.7%

Curcumin - 5.7%
Oleoresin - 14%
Dry recovery - 18.9%
Essential oil - 3%

Yield capacity :
35.4 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 6.72 tons/ha )

Yield capacity :
34.5 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 6.52 tons/ha)

YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991

PEDIGREE: Selection from germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD
: 28.8 t/ha (fresh wt.)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Curcumin (%)
: 7.9
Oleoresin (%)
: 15.0
Essential oil (%)
: 7.0

Sudarshana
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991
PEDIGREE: Selection from germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD
: 29.3 t/ha (fresh wt.)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Curcumin (%)
: 4.9
Oleoresin (%)
: 13.5
Essential oil (%)
: 7.0

Suguna

Suvarna

YEAR OF RELEASE: 1987

PEDIGRE: Selection from the germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD : 17.4 t/ha (fresh wt.)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Curcumin (%)
: 4.0
Oleoresin (%)
: 13.5
Essential oil (%) : 7.0

Ginger Varieties

IISR Varada

Good quality, high yielding

variety & less prone to storage
insect damage, suited for
ginger candy production
Essential oil : 1.75%
Dry recovery : 20.7%
Fibre content : 3.29-4.5 %
Oleoresin: 6.73%
Yield capacity :
26.6 t/ha (fresh) wt
(Dried ginger 4.68
tons/ha)

IISR Mahima

IISR Rejatha

High yield, resistance to

nematodes & low fiber

Plumpy & bold rhizome with low

fiber content

Essential oil : 1.72 %

Dry recovery : 23 %
Fibre content : 3.26 %
Oleoresin: 4.48 %

Essential oil : 2.36%

Dry recovery : 19%
Fibre content : 4 %
Oleoresin: 6.34%

Yield capacity :
23.2 t/ha (fresh) wt.
(Dried ginger 5.33 tons/ha )

Yield capacity :
22.4 t/ha (fresh) wt
(Dried ginger 4.65 tons/ha )

Black Pepper Varieties

IISR Thevam

IISR Shakthi

Resistant to Phytophthora foot rot disease

Both plains & high ranges under rain fed
conditions
Piperine
- 3.3%
Oleoresin
- 10.2%
Essential oil - 3.7%
Dry recovery - 43%
Because berries are bold & dry recovery is
more it is acceptable to farmers and
Industry
Yield capacity
: 2020 kg/ha (dry)

Suited to high altitude areas of S. India

Piperine
- 1.6%
Oleoresin
- 8.15%
Essential oil - 3.1%
Dry recovery - 32.5%
Stable performance over years as
compared to Panniyur-1
Yield capacity

: 2437 kg/ha (dry)

IISR Malabar Excel

IISR Girimunda

Black Pepper Varieties

Rainfed condition, recommended in state of Kerala & other high altitude
areas (upto 3000ft MSL) of south India
Piperine - 2.95%
Piperine - 2.2%
Oleoresin - 13.5%
Oleoresin - 9.65%
Essential oil - 3.2%
Essential oil - 3.4%
Dry recovery - 32.3%
Dry recovery - 32%
High oleoresin content and stable
Stable performance over years as
performance
compared to Panniyur-1
Yield capacity: 1453 kg/ha (dry) Yield capacity: 2880 kg/ha (dry wt.)

YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991

PEDIGREE
: Selection from
Aimpiriyan
AVERAGE YIELD
: 2828 Kg/ha (dry)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%)
: 4.7
Oleoresin (%)
: 12.5
Essential oil (%)
: 3.4

Panchami
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991
PEDIGREE
: Selection from
germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD
: 2333 Kg dry pepper/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%)
: 4.1
Oleoresin (%)
: 13.8
Essential oil (%)
: 3.4
Tolerant to root knot nematode

Pournami

YEAR OF RELEASE
: 1990
PEDIGREE : Selection from Karimunda
YIELD
: 2677 Kg/ ha (dry)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%) : 5.1
Oleoresin (%) : 13.0
Essential oil (%) : 7.0

Sreekara
Subhakara
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1990
PEDIGREE : Selection from Karimunda
AVERAGE YIELD: 2352 Kg/ha ( dry)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%)
Oleoresin (%)
Essential oil (%)

: 3.1
: 12.4
: 6.0

Cardamom Varieties

Appangala-1

Highly
adaptive
&
input
responsive variety, produces
89% bold capsules (>7.2 mm &
above), golden yellow coloured
capsules, suitable for planting in
all cardamom growing areas of
Karnataka., Tolerant to Thrips,
shoot/panicle/capsule borer
Essential oil
- 8.7%,
Dry recovery
- 22%,
-terpenyl acetate - 37%,
1,8-Cineole
- 42%
Yield capacity :
745 kg dry capsules/ha

IISR Avinash

Suitable for planting in valleys,

recommended for rhizome rot
infested areas of Karnataka and
Wayanad (Kerala) regions. Has
extended
flowering
period,
possess dark green capsules,
Resistant to rhizome rot & leaf
blight.
Essential oil
- 6.7%,
Dry recovery
- 20.8%,
-terpenyl acetate - 34.6%,
1,8-Cineole
- 30.4%
Yield capacity
:
847 kg dry capsules/ha

IISR Vijetha-1

77% bold (7.2 mm) capsules

with good appearance.
Resistant to Cardamom Mosaic
Virus (katte), and field tolerant to
Thrips, shoot/panicle/capsule
borer, root rot nematode.
Essential oil
- 7.9%,
Dry recovery
- 22%,
-terpenyl acetate - 23.4%,
1,8-Cineole
- 44.9%
Yield capacity
:
979 kg dry capsules/ha

IISR Suvasini

YEAR OF RELEASE : 1999

PEDIGREE
: Selection from OP of
CCS-1
AVERAGE YIELD
: 847 Kg dry capsules/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Essential oil (%)
:
Dry recovery (%)
:
a-terpenyl acetate (%):
1,8 Cineole (%)
:

6.7
20.8
34.6
30.4

Nutmeg Variety
IISR Viswashree

Bushy & compact canopy, low incidence of fruit rot.

Nut recovery - 70.0%,
Mace recovery - 35.0% &
Nut oil - 7.14%,
mace oil - 7.13%,
Oleoresin in nut - 2.48% & mace -13.8%, nut butter -30.9%,
Myristicin in nut -12.48%, mace - 20.03%.
Mace : yield @ 8 years is 480 kg mace/ha
Nut

: 3125 kg/ha

Cinnamon
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1996
PEDIGREE
: Seedling selection
from Srilankan collection
AVERAGE YIELD
: 200 Kg dry quills/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Bark oil (%): 2.7
Leaf oil : 2.8

YEAR OF RELEASE : 1996

PEDIGREE
: Seedling selection
from Indian collection
AVERAGE YIELD
: 200 Kg dry quills/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Bark oil (%) : 2.7
Leaf oil (%) : 3.0

Serpentine method for rapid multiplication of black pepper

cuttings

About 3.5 lakh

rooted cuttings
of improved
varieties of black
pepper were
produced and
distributed by
IISR in the last 5
years

Gives a multiplication ratio of 1: 60 single node rooted cuttings

Ideal understorey crop in

coconut
plantations and
agro-forestry
systems

Techniques have
been standardized to
prepare white pepper
from red berries and
pepper in brine from
tender berries.

For ginger
PGPR
formulation
For
ginger
(Talc
based )
PGPR
formulation
(Talc based )

For black pepper

PGPR
consortium
For black
pepper
(Talc
based )
PGPR
consortium
(Talc based )

Seed coating

Micronutrient mix (6 nos) for enhanced growth, yield and

quality of Turmeric, Ginger , Black pepper and
Cardamom
Micronutrient formulations for turmeric
(or soils with pH < 7.0 & >7.0)
Micronutrient formulations for ginger
(for soils with pH < 7.0 & >7.0)
Micronutrient formulation for cardamom
Micronutrient formulation for Black pepper
In farmers fields, yield increase in ginger ranged from
16-30% and in turmeric it ranged from 18-25%.

The patent applications for these products have been submitted

NRDC, New Delhi through the ITMU cell of our institute to facilitate
licensing and commercialization.

Technologies
Commercialized
Bio Control agents

-Pseudomonas fluorescens (IISR-6)

-Trichoderma harzianum (IISR-P26 )
-Pochonia chlamydosporia

Technology sold to - 17 agencies (Trichoderma)

- 6 agencies (Pseudomonas)

Technology ready for transfer

Diagnostics
Multiplex RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection of both Cucumber mosaic
virus (CMV) and Piper yellow mottle virus infecting black pepper developed
for effectively certifying black pepper planting materials
against viruses.
RT-PCR test for viruses (Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) and chlorotic streak
by Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV)) infecting cardamom

RT-PCR

Standardized soil less

medium
High multiplication rate
Disease free planting material
High initial establishment
Suitable for long distance
transport

Rapid multiplication of disease free planting material in

ginger and turmeric

Disease free planting material

High multiplication ratio
Saving in seed cost
Suitable for long distance
transport

Registration of plant varieties as extant

varieties
11 spice varieties have been
applied for registration as extant
varieties with the PPV & FRA:

Ensure quality seed is

available to farmers of
respective areas
of varietal adaptability

Turmeric- 2 Nos.

Ginger- 2 Nos.

Black pepper- 4 Nos.

Small cardamom-3 Nos.

Non-Exclusive
License

Through
licensing
contracts

Licensing Contract

Highlights of the Agreement

License

agreement for commercialization of IISR varieties of ginger and

turmeric is in practice from 2010-11, and is being continued presently.

License Fees = Rs. 25,000 plus service tax @ 10.3%.

Royalty = 1 % plus service tax @ 10.3% of the sale
proceeds
3 Year period
3 field visits by the licensor
IISR Logo, ICAR logo and Variety Denomination to be
used

Non-exclusive license agreements in turmeric and

ginger varieties, IISR Prathibha and IISR Varada with
National Horticultural Research and Development
Foundation (NHRDF), with Katra Phyto Chem. Pvt. Ltd,
Bangalore for IISR Prathibha and with Mr. Tom C Antony,
Cheripurathu Nursery, Kottayam for nutmeg variety IISR

Viswashree